The effects of storage temperature on germination index,anatomy structure of ultradried seeds of Pugionium Gaertn.were studied by reducing the moisture content of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.to 3.1%,2.2%,1.3%,respectively from the initial content by silica gel,and aged at 50 ℃,35 ℃ and 20 ℃ for 1 year,which would provide theoretical basis for aging and storage of the seed.The results indicated that:(1)The germination percentage,radicle length,radicle dry weight of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.seeds decreased.(2)The activity of vascular tissue was first decreased and then the structure of parenchyma cell was destroyed by anatomical observation and assay,at the same time,starch granule activity and quantity decreased with the rising of the temperature and declining of the moisture content respectively.(3)After aging treatment between 20 ℃ and 35 ℃,seed germination and the activity of structure of the seed with initial moisture content of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.seeds are 4.5% and 4.3%(CK),respectively were the best in all ultradried seeds.The ability of maintaining activity of P.dolabratum Maxim.seed was greater than that of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.seeds.