Using classical taxonomic method, 130 specimens, which were deposited in HBNU and other native herbariums, belonging to Pohlia Hedw. section Cacodon Lindb. ex Broth. and its related groups were studied. The propagules of the eight propaguliferous species of Pohlia Hedw. section Cacodon in China were compared with the size, shape, quantity and length of leaf primordia. Results showed that: (1) the checklist of Pohlia Hedw. section Cacodon in China was updated, which including eight species: Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb., P. camptotrachela (Ren. & Card.) Broth., P. drummondii (Müll. Hal.) Andr., P. flexuosa Harv., P. hisae T. J. Kop. et J. X. Luo, P. leucostoma (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch., P. lutescens (Limpr.) H. Lindb., and P. proligera (Kindb. ex Breidl.) Lindb. ex Arnell. (2) As the features of propagules growing in rhizoid or axillae play important roles in identification, the shape of propagules and the quantity and shape of leaf primordial in Pohlia Hedw. section Cacodon Lindb. ex Broth. were significantly different, such as P. lutescens (Limpr.) H. Lindb. has toruloid propagules growing on the rhizoids, P. flexuosa has two different types of propagules. (3) The taxonomic features, habitat and characteristic comparison of related species are described in detail. Meanwhile, ink drawing of eight species of Pohlia section Cacodon were made. This study provided taxonomic evidence of the identification of Pohlia Hedw. section Cacodon Lindb. ex Broth. in China.