In order to determine the reproductive effects of soil pollution on Chinese Cyatheaceae and explore the underlying causes of the endangered species of Chinese Cyatheaceae and other endangered ferns, were cultured the spores of nine species of Chinese Cyatheaceae to be mature gametophytes in the surface soil from their source area. The aberration types of gametophytes were observed and the aberration rate was calculated. And the spores of three representative species of genera, Sphaeropteris lepifera, Gymnosphaera gigantea and Alsophila costularis, were taken respectively. MS medium was taken as the control group, the gametophytes were cultured under univariate stress of 5 mg·kg^-1 Pb²⁺and 1 mg·kg^-1 Cd²⁺, respectively, and then the types of morphological aberration of gametophytes and their aberration rates were compared and observed. The results showed that: (1) it was observed that 17 morphological aberrations occurred in the gametophyte culture of 9 kinds of Chinese Cyatheaceae, including four differentiation aberration, seven rhizoid aberration, four cell aberration and two reproductive organs aberration. (2) The aberration gametophytic ratio on different media——control group, soils from source area, Cd²⁺ stress, and Pb²⁺ stress was 2.28%, 12.61%, 31.58% and 33.58% in turn. (3) The types and rates of gametophyte aberration in all 9 types of Cyatheaceae were positively correlated with the stress degree of the medium, the development of their gametophytes has been seriously damaged by soil pollution. (4) Resistance of gametophytes of three species of Cyatheaceae to soil environmental stress from strong to weak, in turn, was Gymnosphaera, Sphaeropteris, and Alsophila. (5) There was a stable relationship between the diversity of morphological aberration and stress conditions of the gametophytes.