This paper introduces a recently erected diatom genus Dorofeyukea and studies the specimens of D. kotschyi from the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve using light and scanning electric microscopy. The results show that D. kotschyi possesses the following main characters: (1) elliptic-lanceolate valves; (2) a butterfly-shaped fascia, but not across the valve face; (3) radiate striae on the most valve surface where stria density is 20-22/10 μm, except at the two apices where striae are parallel; (4) the nearly rounded areolae and the inner areola openings covered by dome-shaped hymens; (5) a pseudoseptum occurring at both apices. The features of the D. kotschyi population investigated in this study fit well the ones of the type population, and the genus Dorofeyukea is reported in China for the first time, thus, this paper in fact reports a new genus record and a new diatom record. D. kotschyi is an epipelic or epipsammic diatom.