不同果实生长期下亏缺灌溉对渭北苹果生长发育、品质及水分利用效率的影响
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1.辽宁省果树科学研究所;2.西北农林科技大学园艺学院;3.陕西果友协会

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国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602107),国家自然科学基金项目(国家重点研发计划资助项目)(2019YDF1000100)


Effect of Water Deficiency on Growth,Qualities and Water Use Efficiency of Weibei Apple in Different Developmental Periods
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    摘要:

    【目的】探索节水、控水方式调控苹果水分高效利用效率的机制,优化渭北苹果主产区节水、丰产和增收的管理方式。【方法】以陕西省咸阳市乾县铁佛镇果友协会试验站8年生‘烟富3号/T337’苹果树为试材,设置充分灌溉(灌溉后土壤相对含水量为75%)和轻度亏缺灌溉(灌溉后土壤相对含水量为50%)两个灌水量水平,组成果实生长期和膨大期均充分灌溉(CK)、果实生长期和膨大期均轻度亏缺灌溉(W1)、果实生长期轻度亏缺灌溉和膨大期充分灌溉(W2)及果实生长期充分灌溉和膨大期轻度亏缺灌溉(W3)4个亏缺灌溉模式处理。测定春梢生长指标,果实品质指标和果实产量指标,计算水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、果实综合评价满意度以明确最佳的亏缺灌溉方式。【结果】(1)苹果新梢长度及叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)在各处理间无显著性差异,而其春梢直径在各处理下显著降低。(2)与CK相比,单果重在 W1处理下显著降低了10.3%,果实可滴定酸含量在W2处理下显著降低14.7%,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量在3种水分亏缺灌溉处理下均无显著变化。(3)W1处理能显著提高果皮黄色值b*,W2处理能显著提高果皮色泽饱和度C*,而各亏缺灌溉处理对果皮亮度值L*和红绿值a*均无显著影响。(4)与CK相比,果实产量在各亏缺灌溉处理下降低13.4%~24.7%,但仅W1处理降幅达显著水平;果树灌溉水利用效率在各亏缺灌溉处理均不同程度提高,但仅W1处理显著提高了38.0%;果树耗水量和水分利用效率在各亏缺灌溉处理下无显著性差异。(4)果实综合评价满意度表现为W2>CK>W3(W1)。【结论】陕西渭北地区苹果在生长期轻度亏缺灌溉和膨大期充分灌溉(W2)模式下果实的综合评价满意度最高,果实产量、单果重无显著变化,而果实品质较优,果树水分利用效率较高。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] To explore the mechanism of water saving and water control methods to regulate the efficient use efficiency of apple water, and optimize the management methods of water saving, high yield and income increase in Weibei apple main producing area. [Methods] The eight-year-old 'Yanfu 3 /T337' apple tree was selected from the experimental station of Tiefu town, Xian County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Xi 'an Fruit Friends Association, and two irrigation water levels were set: Full irrigation (relative water content of soil after irrigation: 75%) and slight deficit irrigation (relative water content of soil after irrigation: 50%).There were four irrigation modes: full irrigation at both fruits growing and expanding stages (CK), light deficit irrigation at both fruits growing and expanding stages (W1), light deficit irrigation at fruits growing and expanding stages (W2), and light deficit irrigation at fruits growing and expanding stages (W3). Spring shoot growth index, fruit quality index and fruit yield index were determined, to calculate water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and fruit comprehensive evaluation satisfaction to determine the best deficit irrigation method. [Results] (1) There were no significant differences in shoot length and leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) among different irrigation modes, but the diameter of spring shoot decreased significantly under different deficit irrigation. (2) Compared with CK, the single fruit weight was significantly reduced by 10.3% under W1 water deficit irrigation treatment, the titrable acid content of fruit was significantly reduced by 14.7% under W2 treatment, and the fruit shape index and soluble solid content were not significantly changed under the three water deficit treatments. (3) W1 deficit irrigation treatment can significantly increase the peel yellow value b*, W2 irrigation treatment can significantly increase the peel color saturation C*, but deficit irrigation treatment has no significant effect on the peel brightness value L* and red green value a*. (4) Compared with CK, fruit yield decreased by 13.4%-24.7% under each treatment, but only W1 treatment reached a significant level; The fruit tree irrigation water use efficiency increased in different degrees in each deficit irrigation treatment, but only W1 treatment significantly increased by 38.0%. There was no significant difference in water consumption and water use efficiency of fruit trees under each treatment. The satisfaction of fruit comprehensive evaluation was W2 > CK > W3(W1). [Conclusion] According to the comprehensive evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation satisfaction of apples in Weibei area of Shaanxi province was the highest under mild deficit irrigation in growth period and full irrigation in expansion period (W2). There was no significant change in fruit yield and single fruit weight, but the fruit quality was better and the water use efficiency of fruit trees was higher.

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赵爽,马子清,李雪薇,等.不同果实生长期下亏缺灌溉对渭北苹果生长发育、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北植物学报,2024,44(3):345-352

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-15
  • 最后修改日期:2023-12-12
  • 录用日期:2023-04-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-11
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