[Objective] The Glutathione S-transferase （GST） genes play a critical role in plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress responses. Exploring the basic characteristics and expression patterns of CaGSTs will provide genetic resources and references for in-depth research on the gene function of CaGST in peppers and molecular stress resistance breeding of vegetables. [Methods] The GST gene family was analyzed with the bioinformatics methods in genome of pepper, and the physical and chemical properties of protein, the gene structure, chromosome localization and evolutionary relationship were determined. Transcriptome data were utilized to examine the expression characteristics of GST genes in various tissues and fruits during varying developmental stages. The expression profiles were also analyzed under variant abiotic stresses using RT-qPCR. [Results] 72 GST members were identified in the whole genome of "CM334" pepper, randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes, with the highest distribution on chromosome 9. Evolutionary analysis showed that CaGST was categorized into 10 subfamilies, with significant differences in gene structure between groups, and tandem duplication caused the expansion of this gene family. Expression analysis showed that CaGST was tissue specific, in which CaGSTZ1 was highly expressed in the late stage of pericarp and placenta development. Under abiotic stress, GaGSTU14, CaMGST1, CaTCHQD1 and CaGSTF3 responded significantly to low temperature, high temperature, salt and drought, respectively. [Conclusion] CaGSTZ1 plays an important role in fruit development, and CaGSTU14 and CaGSTF3 genes may be the key genes for pepper to resist high and low temperatures.