In this study, SSR molecular marker diversity analysis was performed on 197 foxtail millet germplasm resources such as local farm species and bred varieties ( lines ) from all over the country. The results showed that 12 pairs of SSR primers were polymorphic in 197 millet germplasm, and 173 alleles ( Na ) were detected, with an average of 14.417 alleles per primer. Shannon "s information index ( I ) ranged from 0.207 to 2.623, with an average of 1.621, of which 7 pairs of primers reached more than 1.5. The PIC values ranged from 0.074 to 0.894, with an average of 0.628. Eight pairs of primers were highly polymorphic ( PIC > 0.5 ). The results of molecular variance analysis ( AMOVA ) showed that the percentage of variation among populations of 197 foxtail millet germplasms was 12.0 %, and the percentage of variation within populations was 88.0 %, which was consistent with the genetic differentiation index ( Fst = 0.141 ), which may be caused by high gene flow ( Nm = 3.642 ). PCoA analysis divided 197 foxtail millet germplasms into four categories. The first principal component and the second principal component can explain 23.08 % and 20.33 % of the total variables, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the populations with similar geographical locations were not preferentially clustered into one group, indicating that there may be no correlation between the genetic differences of each variety ( line ) and the relationship between regions. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of millet germplasm resources, and provide a scientific basis for future millet breeding work and further scientific research and efficient utilization.