[Objective] The study aims to investigate the effects of bamboo clump mulching on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoot, and to clarify the response of shoot nutrient distribution to mulching measures, improve the cultivation technology and economic benefits. [Methods] A 10-year-old D.brandisii plantation in Mengtong Town, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, was selected for the study. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six dual-layer mulching treatments (BM, JM, YK, LN, GC, CK). The nutrient element distribution and characteristic differences in bamboo shoots under different mulching treatments were analyzed. [Results] (1) Mulching significantly reduced NSC, soluble sugars, and the sugar-to-starch ratio (P< 0.05). (2) Mulching had a significant effect on the content of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as their stoichiometric ratios (P< 0.05). (3) There was a significant correlation between NSC and C, N, P stoichiometric characteristics (P< 0.05). (4) The CK treatment performed best in the comprehensive analytical evaluation, the stoichiometric profile was highly plastic and adaptable. [Conclusion] Mulching inhibited the growth of D.brandisii to enhance resistance and adaptability to extreme environments by promoting its nutrient utilization, adjusting the conversion of soluble sugars and starch and the pattern of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus allocation, and forming an adaptive strategy of coupling and synergistic interactions among multiple elements.