In this study, lichens of the genus Peltigera Willd. collected from Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve in Hebei Province are used as experimental materials to identify the species of Peltigera Willd. by means of morphological anatomy, detection of lichen secondary metabolites and ITS sequence of nrDNA. The results show that: Peltigera castanea Goward, Goffinet & Mi?dl. is reported new to China, which is found in Mt. Xiaowutai of Hebei province. The newly recorded species can be distinguished by upper surface grey brown to dark brown, more or less shiny near the central part and lobes tips slightly tomentose. Soredium is granular, brown, and gathered into an irregular circle. The veins on the lower surface are flat, pale white, pale brown or pale black.The rhizoids are dense, fasciculate and tufted, becoming flocculent near rhizoid tips.