| 额济纳胡杨叶色变化特征及其影响气象因子分析 |
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| 引用本文：郭春燕，王 佳，郝玉珠，李 忠，刘文英.额济纳胡杨叶色变化特征及其影响气象因子分析[J].西北植物学报,2023,43(4):618~627 |
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| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2019MS04007)；中央引导地方科技发展资金(2020ZY0019)；内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目(nmqxkjcx201704) |
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| 中文摘要:以额济纳胡杨林为研究对象，在秋季胡杨叶片转色不同时期，测定其叶色参数、色素含量，并分析同期的环境气象条件变化特征及其与叶色参数、色素含量的相关性，探寻秋季额济纳胡杨叶片变色的主要影响因素，为胡杨叶片衰老及黄叶物候景观气象服务奠定基础。结果表明：(1)在秋季额济纳胡杨叶片转色过程中，其叶色参数L*、a*、C*值均呈逐渐上升趋势，b*和h值先增大后减小，视觉上叶片颜色变化依次表现为绿色、浅黄、金黄和橘黄色。(2)胡杨叶片变色期间，叶片中叶绿素含量大幅度下降，叶黄素、类胡萝卜素含量有缓慢上升再小幅下降趋势，花色素苷含量变化不大，可溶性糖含量也表现为先增大后减少的态势；与变色始期相比，变色终期总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值累计下降了97.5%。(3)在胡杨叶片变色同期，环境气温逐渐降低，气温日较差稳定维持在14 ℃左右，直接辐射量逐渐减弱，平均空气相对湿度先增大后减小，但总体表现为增大趋势，蒸发量逐渐减小。(4)在胡杨叶片转色期间，叶色参数L*、a*、b*、C*与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素以及叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值均呈极显著负相关关系(P＜0.01)；环境最高气温、最低气温、平均气温与叶色参数L*、a*、b*、C*均表现为显著负相关关系(P＜0.05)，而与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值均呈显著或极显著正相关关系；空气相对湿度与叶黄素、类胡萝卜素含量表现出显著或极显著正相关关系。研究发现，额济纳胡杨叶片在衰老变黄过程中逐渐显现出由浅到深的黄叶景观，这是叶绿素快速分解，类胡萝卜素含量相对升高的结果；气温是影响胡杨叶片衰老变黄的主要限制性气象因子，低温加速了叶绿素分解，较大的空气湿度有利于类胡萝卜素含量维持稳定，保持更长时间的黄叶景观。 |
| 中文关键词:额济纳 胡杨 衰老 叶色参数 色素含量 气象要素 |
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| Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Leaf Color of Populus euphratica and Influencing Meteorological Factors in Ejina |
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| Abstract:Taking Populus euphratica in Ejina as the research object, we analyzed the characteristics of leaf color parameters, pigment contents of P. euphratica and meteorological conditions in different periods. The main influencing factors of leaf discoloration of P. euphratica were explored, which laid a research basis for leaf senescence of P. euphratica and meteorological service of yellow leaf phenology landscape in Ejina in autumn. The results showed that: (1) the leaf color parameters L*, a* and C* of P. euphratica showed a gradually rising tendency, the b* and h values increased first and then decreased. The changes of leaf color showed green, light yellow, golden and orange in leaf color changing process. (2) During the discoloration period of P. euphratica, the content of leaf chlorophyll in leaves decreased significantly, while the lutein and carotenoids contents increased slowly first and then decreased slightly, the content of anthocyanin had little change, and the content of soluble sugar also increased first and then decreased. The ratio of total chlorophyll to carotenoids decreased by 97.5% at the end of discoloration compared with the initial stage. (3) In the same period of leaf discoloration of P. euphratica, the temperature gradually decreased, and the daily temperature range kept relatively stable at about 14 ℃, the direct radiation gradually decreased, and the average relative humidity first increased and then decreased, but the overall performance was an increasing trend. The evaporation decreased gradually as a whole. (4) During the color changing period, leaf color parameters L*, a*, b*, C* were significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids (P<0.01). The maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature showed significant negative correlation with leaf color parameters L*, a*, b*, C* (P<0.05), while they showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoid. Air relative humidity showed a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with lutein and carotenoid. The study revealed that the leaves landscape of P. euphratica in Ejina gradually showed light to dark yellow in the process of senescence, which was the result of large and rapid decomposition of chlorophyll and relative increase of carotenoid content. Temperature was the main limiting meteorological factor affected the senescence and etiolation of P. euphratica leaves. Chlorophyll decomposition was accelerated at low temperature, and higher air humidity was conducive to keeping carotenoid content remain stable and maintaining a longer viewer period of yellow leaf landscape. |
| keywords:Ejina Populus euphratica leaf senescence color parameters pigment contents meteorological elements |
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