西北植物学报 Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

平茬高度对香椿生长及其光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

引用本文：任晓亮，黄东晨，谷明远，田新鑫，祁长建，袁应菊，傅松玲.平茬高度对香椿生长及其光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2023,43(4):648~655

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作者	单位
任晓亮¹，黄东晨¹，谷明远¹，田新鑫¹，祁长建¹，袁应菊²，傅松玲^1*	(1 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院，合肥 230036；2 安徽东方金桥农林科技股份有限公司，安徽六安 237000)

基金项目:安徽省科技厅扶贫专项食用香椿良种选育及高效栽培技术研究与示范(202003b06020011)

中文摘要:该研究以4年生香椿为试验材料，设置平茬20 cm(T₁)、50 cm(T₂)、80 cm(T₃)和不平茬(CK)4种处理，观测其萌枝和叶片生长情况，以及叶片的气体交换参数、光合色素含量、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的变化，分析不同平茬高度的生长生理响应差异，以明确平茬措施下香椿植株更新复壮再生的生理机制。结果表明：(1)平茬能够显著提高香椿的萌枝能力，促进侧枝和叶片生长，其萌枝数、侧枝长度在T₃处理下最高，成枝数、叶长、叶宽、叶面积及侧枝粗度在T₂处理下达到最大值。(2)随着平茬高度的增加，香椿叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均先升后降，并在T₂处理达到最大，较CK分别显著提高了17.33%、10.00%、13.51%和6.98%；平茬也提高了叶片光合色素含量，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在T₂处理下分别比CK显著提高了18.34%、27.07%、21.11%和23.05%。(3)不同平茬高度处理下，香椿叶、枝、根各器官中可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量均高于CK，且T₂和T₃处理增幅均达到显著水平；平茬处理与未平茬处理下香椿叶、枝、根不同器官中可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量分配规律一致，NSC含量表现为叶＞根＞枝。研究发现，平茬能够通过提高叶片光合色素含量和光合气体交换参数来促进香椿的光合能力，并通过优先储存策略促进不同器官中非结构性碳水化合物的积累和分配来适应平茬作业带来的影响，调控香椿萌枝发生及生长，并以平茬50 cm香椿更新恢复生长和光合能力最佳。

中文关键词:香椿平茬高度生长特征光合特性非结构性碳水化合物

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics and Non-structural Carbohydrate Content of Toona sinensis under Different Stubble Height

Abstract:In this study, we treated four-year-old Toona sinensis with stubble height 20 cm (T₁), 50 cm (T₂), 80 cm (T₃) and no stubble (CK) to investigate the growth of sprouting branches and leaves, as well as the changes of leaf gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content. We analyzed the differences in growth physiological response to different stubble heights and preliminarily explored the physiological mechanism of renewing and rejuvenating regeneration of T. sinensis plants under different stubble treatments. The results showed that: (1) different stubble heights could significantly improve the sprouting ability and promote the growth of lateral branches and leaves of T. sinensis. The sprouting number and lateral branch length of T. sinensis were the highest under T₃ treatment, while the sprouting number,leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and side branch diameter reached the maximum under T₂ treatment. (2) With the increase of stubble height, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum in T₂ treatment, which significantly increased by 17.33%, 10.00%, 13.51% and 6.98% compared with CK, respectively. Different stubble heights also increased the photosynthetic pigment content of leaves, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents and carotenoid content in T₂ treatment significantly increased by 18.34%, 27.07%, 21.11% and 23.05%, respectively, compared with CK. (3) The contents of soluble sugar, starch and NSC in leaves, branches and roots of T. sinensis under different stubble heights were higher than those of CK, and the increases in T₂ and T₃ treatments reached a significant level. The distribution rules of soluble sugar, starch and NSC contents in different organs of leaves, branches and roots of T. sinensis were consistent between stubble treatment and no stubble treatment, and NSC contents showed the order of leaves > roots > branches. The results indicate that different stubble heights could improve the photosynthetic capacity of T. sinensis by increasing photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of leaves, and promote the accumulation and distribution of non-structural carbohydrates in different organs through priority storage strategy to adapt to the effects of stubble treatment and regulate the occurrence and growth of sprouts. The comprehensive results of this experiment showed that the regeneration of T. sinensis with stubble height 50 cm was the best for growth recovery and photosynthetic capacity.

keywords:Toona sinensis stubble height growth characteristics photosynthetic characteristics non-structural carbohydrate

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