The annual growth and development rhythms of wild Primula maximowiczii plants in Dongling Mountains, Beijing were investigated from 2008-2010,and the flower initiation and inflorescence development were observed by light microscope. The results were as follows: (1) The annual growth and development of P. maximowiczii plants fulfilled under relative cool environment (5℃-20℃, average day temperatures) from May to September, and could be divided into 7 stages, including sprouting phase, vegetable growth phase, blossom phase, fruitage phase, mature fruit phase ,flower differentiation phase and dormancy phase. The fruit developed from July to August which was in the hottest season. (2) Flower initiation of P. maximowiczii began in middle or late July and finished in early September, which lasted almost two months, and the whole process could be divided into four stages, including vegetative stage, inflorescence primordium differentiation stage, inflorescence formation stage and floret differentiation stage. The florets formed from the outside to the inside of an inflorescence. Pistil and stamen formed and developed from middle August to middle