北美洲当归属(伞形科)植物花粉形态特征研究
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1.四川大学;2.四川大学 建筑与环境学院

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国家自然科学基金项目(31400195,31700176); 四川大学基层教学组织特色品牌项目(2021JCJX14)


Palynological Research on The Angelica Species (Apiaceae) from North America
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    摘要:

    北美洲是伞形科当归属的重要分布地和多样性中心之一,但对该地区当归属植物的花粉学研究关注极少。本研究使用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜对北美洲当归属26种44个居群的花粉形态和外壁纹饰进行观察,并用SketchUp软件对花粉极轴及赤道轴长度、体积指数和纹饰密度等特征进行测量分析和定量定义。研究结果显示:(1)供试花粉包含椭圆形、近长方形、超长方形与超长方形(赤道缢缩)四种形状;(2)花粉极轴长度为21.1~32.0μm,赤道轴长度为10.6~17.1μm,极轴与赤道轴的比值为1.5~2.8,体积指数为15.8~23.3;(3)花粉赤道区外壁纹饰分为三类,包括长条状脑纹、短棒状脑纹以及片状脑纹,排列或密集或稀疏,其中3个物种的纹饰在极区变平滑;(4)根据上述形态特征,可将供试花粉划分为4级3大类15小类。研究结果表明,总体上北美洲当归属植物花粉的形态特征的多态性低于东亚当归属植物;花粉形状与赤道区外壁纹饰具有较高的种内一致性,花粉中部是否凸出以及纹饰类型、密集程度、附属物等特征则存在一定程度的种内差异。本研究进一步充实了当归属的孢粉学研究资料,花粉形态特征能够为该类群的分类鉴定与亲缘关系研究提供重要依据,可作为形态分类学和分子分类学的有力补充。

    Abstract:

    North America is one of the important distribution and diversity centers of Angelica (Apiaceae), while the palynologies of these species still have not attracted much attention. In this study, the morphological characteristics of the pollens from 44 populations of 26 species from North America were investigated by the optical microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy, polar axis, equatorial axis length, size index, and ornamentation density were measured and quantitatively defined using SketchUp software. The results shows that: (1) there are four types of pollen shapes as subrectangular, ellipsoidal, hyperretangularb and hyperretangular (equatorial constriction); (2) their polar axis length is 21.1~32.0μm, the equatorial axis length is 10.6~17.1μm, the ratio of polar axis to equatorial axis is 1.5~2.8, and the volume index is 15.8~23.3; (3) the ornamentations on exine walls of pollen equatorial regions includes three types, such as brevistriate baculite cerebroid, lone striate cerebroid, and flaky-like cerebroid, sparsely or densely arranged, and the polar ornamentations of three species turn to smooth; (4) according to the above characteristics of these pollens, a classification system comprising 4-levels, 3-classes and 15-subclasses are suggested herein. In general, the polymorphism of the pollen characteristics of North America Angelica species is lower than that in East Asia; the pollen shape and the types of the equatorial ornamentations of the exine walls are relatively consistent in each species, yet the central pollen protruding, ornamentation types and density, and appendages exhibit a certain intra-specific differences. The study supplies further data of the palynologies of Angelica, and the pollen characteristics will provide significant reference to the classification, identification and the relationships of these species, which are recommended as important supplement for the research on morphological and molecular taxonomy.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-08
  • 最后修改日期:2023-03-16
  • 录用日期:2023-03-14
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