【Objective】The study aimed to explore the micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. and compare differences between the female and male plants, and provide references for the mining and utilization of this germplasm resources. 【Methods】The leaf epidermal micro-configurations of 40 plants of I. polycarpa (half female and half male) were characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, 12 stomatal traits were measured, and the similarities and differences among samples were analyzed. 【Results】(1) The leaf epidermal hair, cell morphology, stomatal characteristics and wax pattern of both female and male I. polycarpa were similar. Its dense, conical conicoid-like wax covered on the abaxial epidermis was rarely observed in other plants. (2) The leaf stomatal size (length, width, area and perimeter) and density related parameters of female I. polycarpa were slightly higher than those of male samples. On the contrary, leaf stomatal pore related parameters (stomatal pore width, stomatal opening area and stomatal opening level) were slightly higher in male samples. But all differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (3) Most stomatal traits were significantly correlated with each other, while stomatal density was rarely related with others and was supposed to be genetically regulated independently. 【Conclusion】The present study firstly expounded the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics of I. polycarpa, and indicated that the conical conicoid-like wax pattern could be used as a key basis for germplasm evaluation, and the stomatal parameters were of great significance for gender determination of its young seedlings.