【Objective】 To explore the changes in photosynthetic physiology and leaf structure of tea trees under different intercropping patterns. 【Methods】Four intercropping modes, namely, R delavayi-tea(MT), winter cherry-tea (DT), walnut-tea (HT), and pure tea plantation (CK), within the planting range of the Cherry Blossom Valley of Mount Wuliang in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province, were investigated through the study of leaf anatomy of tea trees and the changing law of the tea tree"s photosynthetic physiological and ecological functions under different intercropping modes. 【Results】The three intercropping modes significantly reduced the photosynthetically active radiation flux (PAR) and the temperature of tea tree leaves (TL) in the spring, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and transpiration rate (Tr) of different intercropping modes in the spring and autumn roughly showed a single-peak curve with a rise followed by a decline, in which the CK mode differed significantly from the other intercropping modes, and the daily change of the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) showed a U-shaped curve, with the first decline and then increase. The thickness of fenestrated tissue and leaf thickness of tea leaves in different intercropping modes in spring and autumn were significantly lower than that in CK mode; PAR was significantly positively correlated with TPT, P/S and CTR in spring and negatively correlated with CLR in autumn, and Pn was significantly positively correlated with CTR in autumn. 【Conclusion】Different intercropping modes effectively affected the photosynthetically active radiation flux, leaf temperature, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of tea trees in tea plantations, among which the effects were more significant in the two intercropping modes of MT and DT. Tea trees grown under different intercropping modes will gradually change leaf morphology to adapt to different environmental characteristics; there is a certain correlation between the anatomical structure of tea tree leaves and photosynthetic physiology, and the thickness of palisade tissues, lower epidermal thickness, ratio of palisade to sponge tissue ,and the cell tense ratio can be used as an important index for determining the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves in a certain period of time and within a certain range.