Abstract:Based on the coldresistant transcriptome data of ‘Dingjiaba Liguangtao’, we cloned peach 4coumarateCoA ligase gene (Pp4CL2) by RTPCR and analyzed by bioinformatics and transformation model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco, so as to analyze the cold resistance mechanism of‘Dingjiaba Liguangtao’. The results showed that: (1) Pp4CL2 gene (accession number: LOC18792923) of peach was successfully cloned, and its cDNA sequence was 1 635 bp, encoding 544 amino acid residues, and has the conserved domain of 4CL gene family. (2) The secondary structure analysis showed that Pp4CL2 protein consists of four secondary structures, of which alpha helix accounts for 30.51%, beta turn accounts for 7.35%, random coil and extended strand account for 41.54% and 20.59% respectively. (3) Analysis of cisacting elements showed that the upstream promoter region of Pp4CL2 gene contained light, low temperature and many hormone response elements. (4) Phylogenetic analysis of Pp4CL2 sequence showed that Pp4CL2 of peach has the highest protein similarity with apricot (Prunus armeniaca), sweet cherry (Prunus avium) and plum (Prunus mume), which are 99.08%, 97.98% and 96.14% respectively. (5) The transformation vector Pp4CL2PRI101 was successfully constructed and transgenic A. thaliana and tobacco plants were identified by PCR. (6) Compared with wild type, transgenic A. thaliana and tobacco had higher relative expression level Pp4CL2 gene, lighter degree of cold injury, higher osmoregulation substance content and antioxidant enzyme activity, and stronger tolerance to low temperature. The study has shown that overexpression of Pp4CL2 gene can enhance the tolerance of plants to low temperature, and it is speculated that Pp4CL2 gene plays an important role in the response of ‘Dingjiaba Liguangtao’ to low temperature stress.

Abstract:SAUR (small auxinup RNA) genes are a class of early response genes to growth hormone, which are closely related to plant growth and development. In order to reveal the regulatory roles of SAUR63 and SAUR64 during the early somatic embryogenesis of longan, we used TAcloning to obtain the coding sequences of SAUR63 and SAUR64, and then inserted into the vector for subcellular localization analysis, qRT PCR expression analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The results showed that: (1) the sequence length of SAUR63 and SAUR64 in longan were 386 and 312 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SAUR63 and SAUR64 were highly homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana. Subcellular localization results showed that SAUR63 was localized in the nucleus and extracellular matrix, and SAUR64 was localized in the chloroplast. (2) SAUR63 and SAUR64 were both predicted to be as target genes of LTCONS_00038949, LTCONS_00038950 and LTCONS_00038952 (lnc38949, lnc38950 and lnc38952). (3) The results of qRT PCR showed that SAUR63, SAUR64 and three lncRNAs were highly expressed at the stage of incomplete embryonic compact structure. SAUR63 and three lncRNAs were upregulated under 100 and 500 μmol·L^-1 gibberellin (GA₃) treatment, and the expression level reached the peak under 500 μmol·L^-1 GA₃ treatment. SAUR63, SAUR64, lnc38949 and lnc38950 were significantly induced at 35 ℃, while lnc38950 was inhibited. In addition, SAUR63, SAUR64 and the three lncRNAs were also response to SA, MeJA, salt stress and drought stress. (4) Fluorescence in situ hybridization result showed that both SAUR63 and lnc38949 were not localized in the specific site of the zygotic embryo, and the expression of lnc38949 was higher than SAUR63. The results showed that SAUR63 and SAUR64 may be regulated by lncRNAs and participate in the regulation of longan early somatic embryogenesis.

Abstract:FUS3 transcription factor is a key regulator of seed oil synthesis in plants. In order to investigate the role of the CsFUS3 gene in lipid synthesis and accumulation of Camelina sativa, we conducted a genomewide identification of the CsFUS3 gene family, analyzed the spatiotemporal expression patterns of CsFUS3 genes, and analyzed the function of CsFUS31 and CsFUS32 genes in lipid synthesis. This study provides a theoretical foundation for indepth analysis of the function of CsFUS3 genes in the oil synthesis and the breeding of high oil varieties of C. sativa. The results showed: (1) using the AtFUS3 protein sequence, two complete CsFUS3 protein sequences were identified from the C. sativa genome database, named CsFUS31 and CsFUS32, respectively. The subcellular localization result showed that the two CsFUS3 proteins were located in the nucleus. (2) CsFUS31 and CsFUS32 proteins of C. sativa were most closely related to Arabidopsis AtFUS3 protein. They had similar physicochemical properties, advanced structure, and complete B3 functional domain to Arabidopsis AtFUS3 protein. (3) The results of qRTPCR showed that the CsFUS31 and CsFUS32 genes were only expressed in seeds, and with the seeds matured, the expression levels of the two CsFUS3 genes showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing, and the expression level reached the highest level at 30 days after flowering. (4) The interaction of CsFUS3 and CsWRI1 proteins and the transcriptional regulation of OLE and ABI3 genes by CsFUS3 may be key regulatory pathways of high oil traits in C. sativa. (5) The transient expression analysis of tobacco showed that compared with the wild type, the total oil content of tobacco leaves transfected with CsFUS31 and CsFUS32 genes increased by 0.95% and 1.12%, respectively. It indicated that the CsFUS3 genes could increase the synthesis and accumulation of total oil in tobacco leaves.

Abstract:UVR8 is the only UVB photoreceptor in plants. In order to further study the function of UVR8 in sweet potato, this study took leafy sweet potato ‘Fucaishu 23’ as the experimental material, and used CODEHOP combined with RACE technology to clone the fulllength cDNA sequence of UVR8 from sweet potato, and named IbUVR8. The expression characteristics of IbUVR8 under abiotic stress were analyzed by qRTPCR, and the IbUVR8 protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression，which lay a theoretical foundation for the regulation of IbUVR8 on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato. The results showed: (1) the sweet potato IbUVR8 gene was successfully cloned. The fulllength open reading frame of the gene was 1 329 bp, encoding 441 amino acids, with a relative molecular weight of 47 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.72. The NCBI accession number was KT749986. (2) The results of sequence comparison and evolution analysis showed that IbUVR8 had high sequence similarity with tomato and potato UVR8 protein and was relatively conservative in evolution. (3) The results of qRTPCR showed that IbUVR8 was tissuespecific in sweet potato, and the expression level was leaf>stem>root. Under abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought and NaCl, the expression of IbUVR8 was upregulated in three different leafcolored sweet potatoes. Under the stress of hormone GA3 and heavy metal Cu²⁺, the expression of IbUVR8 was significantly different among different sweet potato varieties. It was speculated that the expression of this gene was affected by low temperature, drought and NaCl stress. (4) IbUVR8GST fusion protein with a size of about 80 kD was obtained by prokaryotic expression. The results indicated that IbUVR8 was affected by low temperature, drought and NaCl stress, which suggested that IbUVR8 may play a regulatory role in stress resistance signal pathway in sweet potato.

Abstract:Using Anoectochilus roxburghii plants with or without leaf veins from ‘Wuyi No. 1’ germplasm resource of Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province as materials, we carried out trait observations and medicinal component analysis in this study. Artificial crossing was also carried out with these two kinds of plants as the parent. The pattern of hybrid progeny segregation was analyzed and the parents and hybrid progeny were identified by ISSR and CDDP molecular markers. Our studies provide the basis for cultivar improvement of the Fujian native A. roxburghii germplasm resources. The results showed that: (1) flavonoid and total polysaccharide contents in the plant with leaf veins were 1.2 times and 1.3 times as high as in the plant without leaf veins, respectively. However, the content of kinsenoside in the plant without leaf veins was slightly higher than the plant with leaf veins. (2) Hybridization results showed that the hybrid compatibility of the parent with the same leaf vein trait was higher than the parent with different leaf vein trait. The segregation ratio of with and without leaf veins hybrid progeny was about 3∶1. We infer that the genotype with leaf veins is homozygous and the genotype without leaf veins is heterozygous. (3) Plants with or without leaf veins can be effectively distinguished by combined application of ISSR and CDDP molecular markers, ISSR and CDDP markers can also be used to identify hybrid progeny. Cluster analysis showed the genetic distance of plants with and without leaf veins was 0.04. Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the contents of medicinal components among different strains of Fujian native A. roxburghii germplasm resource and support the view that A. roxburghii with and without leaf veins are different strains.

Abstract:The pollen morphology of eight species from Ligusticopsis and two species from its relatives (ten species in total) from Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae was observed and studied by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, combining with plastome phylogenetic tree to explore the phylogenetic status of Ligusticopsis and to propose advice on taxonomic treatment, aim to provide pollen morphological evidence for the systematic classification of Ligusticopsis. The results indicated that: (1) the pollen of ten species from Ligusticopsis and its relatives from subfamily Apioideae had a ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axis length (P/E) was 1.89-2.31, pollen size varied from 25.45-41.70 × 11.29-20.52 μm, there are four types of pollen morphology: subrectangular, subrectangularequatorially contracted, long subelliptical, and subrhombic, the apertures are all pleurotremes. (2) Scanning electron microscopy revealed that there are six types of polar sculptures: striate reticulate, thin perforated reticulate, perforatedstriate reticulate, smooth pitted reticulate, smooth perforated reticulate, and striate; there are two types of pollen in polar view: trilobatecircular and intersemilobate, which are the more primitive to the more evolved pollen types of the Apiaceae. (3) Pollen morphology shows that the pollen of Ligusticopsis are all subrectangular, with striate reticulate and perforated reticulate sculptures under SEM, making it a relatively natural taxon, which supported that Ligusticopsis should be an independent genus from “Ligusticum sensu lato”, but the pollen of L. pteridophylla is subrhombic, a relatively primitive pollen type in Apioideae. (4) Molecular phylogenetic studies show that nine species form a separate monophyletic branch (Subclade A) within Selineae containing the type species of Ligusticopsis (L. rechingerana), and seven species of ten species from Ligusticopsis and its relatives all located within Subclade A, which forms a monophyletic branch of the genus Ligusticopsis in the phylogenetic tree based on plastome, i.e., molecular evidence for the phylogenetic independence of Ligusticopsis and its position is under Selineae, but L. pteridophylla forms a separate basal outgrowth branch in Hymenidium Clade, indicating that L. pteridophylla has a unique phylogenetic position and does not belong to either Ligusticopsis or Ligusticum. The results suggest that Ligusticopsis is a young genus that diverged from the same ancestor, possibly as a result of the formation of an ancestral species that originated in PanEast Asia and spread westwards and across the QinghaiTibet Plateau, with rapid adaptive radiation in East Asia to the ChinaHimalaya region. In this study, it is suggested that Ligusticopsis angelicifolia should be placed into Angelica, Selinum wallichianum and Ligusticum hispidum should be transferred into Ligusticopsis, Ligusticopsis acuminata should be included in Ligusticum; further study is requested for the phylogenetic status of L. pteridophylla.

Abstract:In this study, more than 100 lichen specimens of Caliciaceae collected from Xinjiang were examined, six species and one variety were identified by common methods in lichen morphology, anatomy, chemistry and molecular biology, namely Buellia centralis, B. elegans, B. mongolica, Dimelaena oreina, D. oreina var. exalbescens, Diplotomma hedinii, and Tetramelas chloroleucus, of which Buellia elegans, B. mongolica and T. chloroleucus are firstly recorded in Xinjiang. By now, 6 genera 13 species 1 variety of Caliciaceae were found in Xingjiang. The key to species, description of taxa, phylogenetic analysis, photos showing morphological and anatomical characteristics are also provided.

Abstract:The study with Paeonia rockii ‘Xiangyabai’ single and double peony pollens as materials, physiological and biochemical characteristics, discussed the relationship between the pollen activity and the activities of protein, MDA and three protective enzymes(POD, SOD, CAT) of pollens at different temperatures, determined the best storage mode of single and double peony pollens. The results show that: (1) the average equatorial axis length and pole axis length/equatorial axis length of P. rockii are less than that of singlepetal pollen; at room temperature (25 ℃), the germination rate of singlepetal pollen (83.62%) is higher than that of doublepetal pollen (72.06%). The halflives of singlepetal pollen and doublepetal pollen are 40 days and 60 days, respectively. With the reduction of storage temperature and the extension of storage time, the pollen germination rate of singlepetal flower and doublepetal flower is significantly higher than that in room temperature, and the germination rate of singlepetal pollen is always higher than that of doublepetal pollen. (2) The suitable temperatures for shortterm storage (1-120 d), longterm storage and longterm storage of P. rockii singlepetal and doublepetal pollen are 4 ℃, -20 ℃ and -80 ℃, respectively. (3) Compared with room temperature, low temperature can increase the soluble protein content and protect enzyme activities of P. rockii pollen during storage, and reduce the MDA content, thus effectively delaying the decline of pollen germination rate. (4) The effect of low temperature stress on the singlepetal pollen of P. rockii is lower than that of doublepetal pollen. Under the same storage temperature, the degree of damage to doublepetal pollen cells is higher and the germination rate decreases faster. It is believed that P. rockii pollen is basically in a metabolic equilibrium state under -80 ℃ storage conditions, so low temperature can effectively prolong its pollen storage life; the main reason for the decrease in pollen germination rate during storage is the increased degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation and increased cell damage; The small, concave and deformity of P. rockii doublepetal pollen grains are the main reasons for its low germination rate than that of singlepetal pollen.

Abstract:We used Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from Jianning County, Fujian Province as material to study fruit growing and development regularities. The fruit growth dynamics were observed, the growth indexes were fitted by logistic equation, the changes of pericarp microstructure during the growth process were observed, and the important stages of fruit growth and development were determined, which could provide a scientific basis for the efficient cultivation and management of S. mukorossi and the formulation of fruit harvesting strategy. The results showed that: (1) the growth of fruit was consistent with the accumulation of pericarp saponins and seed oil, the fruit growth, total saponins in pericarp and seed oil accumulation of S. mukorossi were similar, which generally presented a logistic growth modela single Sshaped curve. The main accumulation periods of total saponins in pericarp and seed oil were 45-90 DAP and 75-105 DAP, respectively. (2) In addition to the basic structures of cuticle, epidermal cells, collenchyma cells, parenchyma cells, vascular bundles and sclereids, the pericarp of S. mukorossi also contained many large lysogenic secretory cavities and calcium oxalate crystals. With fruit growth, the volume of secretory cavities also increased. (3) According to the change regularities of fruit growth and the fitting result of logistic equation, the fruit growth and development process of S. mukorossi fruit could be divided into four stages: early growth stage (0-30 DAP, days after flower pollination), fast growth stage (30-90 DAP), late growth stage (90-120 DAP), and fruit maturity stage (120-150 DAP). Among them, the period of fruit maturity stage was suitable for the harvesting of fruits. The fruits harvested at 135 and 150 DAP were most suitable for the use of pericarp saponins and seed oil, respectively. In addition, the fruit harvesting time should be adjusted appropriately according to the annual weather conditions.

Abstract:Colored Fuji ‘Tianhong 2’ and short shoot Fuji progeny 41103, noncolored ‘Jiping 4’ and ‘Jiping 5’ in white single paper bag were used as experimental materials. Fruit texture was determined by wholefruit puncture and texture profile analysis (TPA). The fruit microstructure was observed by light microscope. The relationships between the texture and microstructure of apple fruit and cracking were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of anticracking cultivars and cracking mechanism. The results showed that: (1) from 132 to 185 days after full bloom, the cracking rate and cracking index of ‘Tianhong 2’ and ‘Jiping 4’ were always higher than those of 41103 and ‘Jiping 5’, and fruit shoulder was the main cracking part. (2) Flesh fracturability and firmness of ‘Tianhong 2’ and ‘Jiping 4’ were significantly lower than those of 41103 and ‘Jiping 5’, respectively. (3) The epidermal cell density of ‘Tianhong 2’ and ‘Jiping 4’ was significantly lower than that of 41103 and ‘Jiping 5’, and the flesh cell voids of ‘Tianhong 2’ and ‘Jiping 4’ was significantly higher than that of 41103 and ‘Jiping 5’. The cutin membrane of ‘Tianhong 2’ and ‘Jiping 4’ had vshaped depressions and cracking, while the cutin membrane of 41103 and ‘Jiping 5’was intact and uniform. (4) Principal component and gray correlation analysis showed that flesh firmness, firmness ratio of skin and flesh and flesh cell voids were the main indicators to explain the cracking. In the paper, the study found that the apple cultivars with intact and uniform cutin membrane, large flesh firmness and small flesh cell voids are less prone to cracking.

Abstract:To explore the differences in physiological and biochemical changes of different resistant walnut clones in response to brown spot pathogen infection, we used resistant and susceptible clones as experimental materials. After inoculation with Ophiognomonia leptostyla, the related physiological and biochemical indexes such as protective enzyme activity, total phenol, flavonoids, and chlorophyll content in walnut leaves at different stages were determined. The results showed that: (1) after inoculation, the leaf carrier rates of susceptible clone 64 increased all the time, and was significantly higher than that of diseaseresistant clone 199(P＜0.05). (2) The activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and PPO in the leaves of diseaseresistant clone 199 and susceptible clone 64 declined after rising. SOD, POD and APX all reached the maximum on the 16th day. Compared with the susceptible clones, the POD and APX activities of the resistant clones were stronger after inoculation, and the PPO activity of the susceptible clones was higher than that of the resistant clones in the early stage (1~16 d), and the CAT activity in the later stage (16~34 d) was also higher. (3) The leaf chlorophyll content of diseaseresistant clone was always higher than that of susceptible clone; the MDA content of diseaseresistant clones had no significant change after inoculation, while that of susceptible clones increased at first and then decreased, indicating that the cell membrane lipid peroxidation was more serious. (4) The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the leaves of the two clones changed slowly, and the difference was not significant, and there was an increasing trend in the later stage of inoculation (34 days). After 5 days of inoculation, the contents of flavonoids and total phenols in leaves of susceptible clones were significantly higher than those of diseaseresistant clones. It was found that the leaf carrier rate of diseaseresistant clones of walnut was low and it was difficult to be infected. Meanwhile, the ability of disease resistance was improved by increasing the activities of POD and APX and accumulating more chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble sugar to deal with the oxidative stress caused by pathogen infection and inhibit the reproduction of pathogens.

Abstract:Selecting Polygala tenuifolia Willd. as the study object, we studied the effects of brassinolide in two ways (presoaking and seed dressing) with various concentrations (0-100 μmol·L^-1) on seed germination, seedling growth parameters, physiological and biochemical characteristics and lead content of P. tenuifolia by 3 mmol·L^-1 lead acetate solution to simulate lead stress. The results showed that: (1) the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index of P. tenuifolia seeds and germ length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings decreased significantly under Pb stress. EBL presoaking and seed dressing could effectively alleviate the lead stress of P. tenuifolia seeds and seedlings with different concentrations and had a dose effect; (2) Under lead stress, the contents of free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein in seedling increased at first and then decreased with the increase of EBL concentration, the contents with 0.01 μmol·L^-1 EBL seed dressing were 1.99, 2.31 and 1.95 times of 0 μmol·L^-1 EBL treatment, respectively, the effect of seed dressing was more significant than that of seed soaking. (3) The contents of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and catalase increased at first and then decreased with the increase of EBL concentration under lead stress. The activities with presoaking and dressing seeds were the strongest at 0.01 μmol·L^-1 EBL concentration. (4) Under lead stress, membrane lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased first and then increased with the increase of EBL concentration, which was significantly different from CK (blank control). The activities with presoaked seeds and seed dressing were the lowest at 0.01 μmol·L^-1 concentration. (5) Under lead stress, the accumulation of Pb in seeds and seedling increased significantly, and the increase of lead content in the seeds of the seed dressing treatment was much greater than that in seed soaking treatment, while the increase of the lead content in the seedlings had no significant difference between the two treatments; The lead content in leadstressed seeds was significantly increased after 0.0001 μmol·L^-1 EBL presoaking treatment, and significantly decreased after 0.0001-1.0 μmol·L^-1 EBL seed dressing treatment. The lead content with seed dressing and seed soaking treatments were significantly increased, and both were the highest under 0.01 μmol·L^-1 EBL treatment. The results showed that lead stress caused damage to the antioxidant enzyme defense system, and seriously inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of P. tenuifolia. The appropriate concentration of EBL can effectively alleviate the damage of peroxidation, enhance the ability of plants to resist lead stress and significantly promote seed germination and seedling growth. Thus better stress resistance is shown by regulating the content of osmotic regulatory substances and the activities of protective enzyme system in P. tenuifolia seedlings under lead stress, but significantly promotes the accumulation of lead in seedlings.

Abstract:In this study, seven varieties of Helleborus thibetanus were used as research materials for the determination of floral phenotypes with the aid of visual colorimetry, RHS Large Colour Chart and chroma meter. We determined anthocyanins in the petals of H. thibetanus by HPLCDAD and HPLCESIMS to explore the relationship between color and anthocyanin composition and content of different varieties of H. thibetanus. The results showed that: (1) purple line variety has the highest a^* value and the lowest b^* value, the yellow line variety has the highest b^* value and the lowest a^* value, and the darker the flower color of different varieties of H. thibetanus the lower with the L^* value. (2) Eleven anthocyanin glycosides were detected in five varieties of H. thibetanus with anthocyanin glycosides accumulation, there are six cyanidin glycosides, four delphinidin glycosides and one petunia glycoside; the two varieties of the red family had the highest content of anthocyanin glycosides among the H. thibetanus, followed by the purple variety; cyanidin glycosides and delphinidin glycosides were the main pigment substances affecting the coloration of the petals of H. thibetanus. (3) Differences in anthocyanins and modification groups of different species lead to different colors of H. thibetanus petals, and delphinidin glucosides containing various acylated modifications make H. thibetanus flowers blueshifted and thus deepen their color. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the L^* value of H. thibetanus petals has a significant negative correlation with the a^* value and a significant positive correlation with the b^* value; the L^* value showed a negative correlation with the total anthocyanin glycosides content, and the flower color shifted red as the accumulated a^* value of anthocyanin glycosides content increased. The study showed that the composition and content of anthocyanin glycosides were the main reasons for the different colors of H. thibetanus petals. The interactions of cyanidin glycosides and delphinidin glycosides also with acylated modifications made H. thibetanus show different degrees of purple, the different accumulation of anthocyanin glycosides affected the light and dark changes of petal colors, thus making H. thibetanus petals rich in color.

Abstract:Plants can adjust changes in leaf or root function to adapt to climate change and to form a diversity of environmental adaptation strategies. The study focused on steppe communities with different precipitation in temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia (the steppe of Duolun, which is wetter, and the steppe of Zhengxiangbaiqi, which is drier), the root functional traits (root diameter, specific root length and root tissue density) and leaf functional traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon content and leaf nitrogen content) of community dominant species from two steppe communities (20 species in Duolun and 13 species in Zhengxiangbaiqi) and eight common species (8 species) were measured, respectively, by analyzing the variation of root and leaf traits and their relationships, to study on adaptation strategies of grass species to different precipitation environments. It provides theoretical basis for the selection of grass species and grassland management in different precipitation regions. The results showed that: (1) with the change of precipitation, there was no significant difference in root traits between the two communities, the specific leaf area of grassland plants in Duolun is significantly higher than that in Zhengxiangbaiqi. The leaf dry matter content and leaf carbon content showed the opposite trend. The monocotyledonous grasses of the two grassland communities had the smallest root diameter and the largest root length, the leaf dry matter content was the highest. The root tissue density of monocotyledonous liliaceae is the smallest and leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen content were the lowest. Dicotyledonous nongrass plants have the highest root tissue density, the specific leaf area was the highest and the leaf area was the lowest. (2) As precipitation decreases, the leaf area and specific leaf area of the common species of the two communities decreased, leaf dry matter content and leaf carbon content increased. Among them, the diameter of Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum and Cleistogenes squarrosa increased, specific root length and root tissue density decreased, the diameter and specific root length of Artemisia scoparia showed the opposite trend. The leaf nitrogen content of Cleistogenes squarrosa, Leymus chinensis and A. scoparia increased, and the leaf nitrogen content of A. cristatum and Stipa krylovii decreased. (3) Principal component analysis shows that, there is little correlation between root and leaf traits in single steppe or integrated steppe. The results showed that the root traits of monocotyledonous grasses were significantly different in precipitation, while that of dicotyledonous nongrasses were almost unchanged. The effect of drought on leaf traits was greater than that on root traits. Under different precipitation conditions, grassland plant roots have unique ways of resource acquisition, the adaptation strategies of root and leaf traits to environmental changes were independent.

Abstract:In order to explore the distribution and characteristics of Desmids diversity in the wetlands of major areas in northern Xinjiang (Urumqi, Altay and Ili), this study collected data through literature review, specimen collection and identification, and analyzed species diversity using GF index method. We used Person correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) to analyze its relationship with environmental factors, to provide basic information for the investigation of Desmids resources and the study of freshwater alga diversity in Xinjiang wetland. The results showed that: (1) there were 189 species of Desmids in the study area, belonging to 1 phylum, 1 class, 2 orders, 6 families and 18 genera; Desmidiaceae was the dominant family, with 154 species, accounting for 81.48% of the total species. The dominant genera were Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, Staurastrum Ralfs and Closterium Nitzsch, with 137 species, accounting for 72.49% of the total species. (2) The values of D_F, D_G and D_F-G were the highest in Altay, which was 2.6213, 2.0828 and 0.5095, respectively. (3) The distribution of species and quantity of Desmids in the study area was as follows: Altay region > Urumqi and its surrounding areas > Ili Region, and the variation trend of zonal factors was more obvious than that of meridional factors. (4) The Person correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the diversity of Desmids species in Altay region were atmospheric temperature, and those affecting in Urumqi and its surrounding areas were atmospheric temperature, electrical conductivity and longitude. However, there was no correlation with environmental indicators in Ili region. (5) Redundancy analysis showed that pH and atmospheric temperature were the main factors affecting species diversity and composition of Desmids. Research suggests that major regions of the northern Xinjiang wetland Desmids is obvious geographical distribution differences, species present more in the north than in the south, and more in the east than in the west, species diversity and composition distribution and environmental factors have certain correlation, but in different areas, different genus of Desmids differences between the correlation of Desmids and environmental factors.

Abstract:Lycium barbarum is widely distributed in northern China. This study reconstructed the historical geographical distribution pattern of the species, identified its environmental distribution constraints, in order provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of its germplasm resources and the study of plant formation and evolutionary trends. In this study, with L. barbarum as the representative, we used the MaxEnt model to evaluate 228 wild valid distribution points and 19 environmental variables, and identified the related environmental factors affecting its distribution. We modeled and analyzed the geographical distribution pattern of L. barbarum in different periods since the last interglacial period to reveal the change trend of the suitable distribution area of L. barbarum under the climate warming condition, and to predict potential changes in the geographic distribution of L. barbarum under the three CO₂ emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 in the future (2050s and 2070s). The results show that: (1) temperature is critical to the distribution of L. barbarum, with the mean temperature of coldest quarter being the most important climatic factor affecting the distribution of the species; (2) the simulation results of the proposed model are consistent with the actual distribution of L. barbarum, but the distribution area is larger than the actual distribution area; (3) the suitable distribution area of L. barbarum contracted during the last glacial maximum, while the distribution area expanded significantly during the last interglacial period (maximum 4.23×10⁶ km²) and showed a trend of advancing to the north and retreating to the south; (4) the suitable distribution area of L. barbarum tended to decrease under the three future climate scenarios, with the intensification of climate warming, the suitable distribution area of this species will migrate to high latitude and high altitude areas, and the habitat fragmentation will be more serious than at present; (5) in the RCP2.62070s scenario, the L. barbarum centroid migrates 108.66 km to the west; in the RCP6.02070s scenario, the centroid migrates 30.23 km to the northeast. It is suggested that the distribution pattern of L. barbarum is strongly responsive to climate change and that the suitable range of the species will shift to higher latitudes and altitudes as the climate warms.

Abstract:This paper describes a new species of Aster L. of Compositae, A. artemisiaodorum X.X.Su, S. P. Chen & L. Ma sp.nov., found in Mangdang Mountain, mountainous area of Northern Fujian, China. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on two nuclear genes (ITS, ETS) and one chloroplast gene (trnLF) fragments showed that this species is independent and is a sister group with A. baccharoides, but its morphology is quite different from that of A. baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz. It has the characteristics of hairless on both sides of all leaves, racemose tube, 1-1.8 cm head inflorescence, 5-8 tongue flowers and aromatic smell on the whole plant. The results of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis support the establishment of this new species and should be reported. All the type specimens were preserved in the Herbarium of College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.

Abstract:Bryum austriacum Kckinger, Holyoak & Suanjak is reported new to China from the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province. The species is characterized by delicate, palecoloured plants; imbricate and strongly concave leaves with very large, loose, and thinwalled cells; abundant dark redbrown ovoid bulbils with 3-5 (7) small and translucence leaf primordia, occurring singly in each leaf axils. The newly recorded species possibly originated from Central Asia. It appears to be a pioneer mainly on humus and baserich soil in alpine meadows. An identification key for bulbiferous species of Bryum in China is provided. The voucher specimen are deposited in the Herbarium of East China Normal University (HSNU) and the Herbarium of Jiaozuo Normal College (JZNC).

Abstract:This paper reports a new record genus of Tibetan orchids——Acanthephippium, and a new record species of Tibetan orchids——Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. The other species is Gastrodia flavilabella S. S. Ying. A. striatum Lindl is similar to Acanthephippium gougahense (Guillaumin) Seidenfaden and Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl. of the same genus, the main difference is that the latter two have thickened fleshy labial discs and broad and short blunt calyx sacs. The morphology of Gastrodia flavilabella S. S. Ying plant is similar to that of Gastrodia javanica (Bl.) Lindl, which has persistent, triangular floral bracts; rhizomes without coralline roots; and nonspherical callus on the basal claw of the labellum. In the paper, one genus and two species of orchids were newly recorded with photos of the newly recorded features, which enriched the background resources of wild orchids in the region. At the same time, the endangered level is assessed and determined according to the evaluation criteria of IUCN, and the conservation level is proposed. The voucher specimens are kept in the herbarium of the Tibetan Plateau Institute of Ecology (XZE).