Recommended articles

1 Transcriptome analysis of the root system of Platycodon grandiflorum in response to the fallen leaves of Acer truncatum

FENG Chaoqun , RUAN Kunfei , SHI Shaotong , LI Sen , CHENG Shaoying , LIU Zhonghua

2024, 44(12):1900-1914. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240342

[Abstract](5) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.58 M](7)

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[Objective] With the background of the forest-medicine compound planting mode of Acer Truncatum forest and Platycodon grandiflorum in Beijing, we explored the potential effects of A. Truncatum fallen leaves extracts on the accumulation of major medicinal active ingredients in the roots of P. grandiflorum. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the roots of P. grandiflorus to identify differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways, which is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanisms in the synthesis pathway of active ingredients in P. grandiflorum roots. [Methods] Using Illumina to perform transcriptome sequencing on the roots of P. grandiflorus, evaluate the gene expression changes and deeply explore the synthesis pathways of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites. [Results] 753 DEGs were annotated into the three major classes in GO classification, and 402 DEGs were annotated into the 50 metabolic pathways of the KEGG database. Compared with the control group, there were 17, 7, and 26 DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids, respectively. [Conclusion] In the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, 10HGO, CYP71D55, CYP76F14, and LUS showed up-regulated; in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, the identified DEGs showed an overall up-regulated; in the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, COMT was down-regulated, 4CL and REF1 were down-regulated, and the DEGs overall were down-regulated expression. It is presumed that the synthesis of terpenoids and flavonoids increased and the synthesis of phenylpropanes decreased. The article obtained the full transcriptomic information of the roots of P. grandiflorum and preliminary predicted the possible regulatory pathways for the synthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid in P. grandiflorum.[ ][ ]

2 Effect of grazing suspension in spring on the niche of Carex tibetikobresia meadow plant population

XIE Lele , WANG Xiaoli , WANG Yanlong , MA Yushou , ZHOU Xuanbo

2024, 44(11):1801-1810. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240218

[Abstract](37) [HTML](8) [PDF 2.49 M](131)

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[Objective] In order to provide data support and theoretical guidance for grassland restoration and biodiversity protection, the effects of grazing suspension in spring on the niche of Carex tibetikobresia meadow plants were explored. [Methods] Taking different grazing time as the environmental gradient, the importance value, aboveground biomass, niche breadth and overlap value of different economic groups of typical Carex tibetikobresia meadow in three-river source region were analyzed by using single factor analysis of variance and r software package (Pheatmap). [Results] Grazing for 50 days increased the important value of Cyperaceae (15.09%) and decreased the important value of poisonous weeds (50.09%);The aboveground biomass of different economic groups (except poisonous weeds) was significantly increased by 50 days, which increased by 220.99%, 69.73% and 139.37% respectively; Carex tibetikobresia S. R. Zhang、Helictotrichon tibeticum(Roshev) Holub(0.999); There are 55 pairs with (NO) greater than 0.990, accounting for 26.10% of the total, and 3 pairs with NO less than 0.75, accounting for 1.43% of the total.[Conclusion]The grazing moratorium in spring affected the important values and aboveground biomass of different economic groups in Carex tibetikobresia meadow. From the niche point of view, grazing suspension in spring is beneficial to the growth of fine forage and can effectively promote grassland restoration.

3 Flowering phenology characteristics and climate adaptability of ornamental crabapple

LI Shuqing , ZHANG Wangxiang , SHEN Yiqian

2024, 44(10):1656-1664. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240154

[Abstract](77) [HTML](22) [PDF 1.65 M](599)

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Abstract：【Objective】Ornamental crabapple is an excellent spring flowering tree species. Studying its flowering phenology characteristics, stability and change rules, and exploring its relationship with climate change are of great significance for the prediction and regulation of the flowering period of crabapple in the future.【Method】Based on the phenological observation data of 67 varieties for 8 years, the flowering date, length and stability of crabapple were divided, and the adaptability of each variety to climate change was analyzed in combination with meteorological data.【Result】(1) The stability of the initial flowering time of the crabapple variety group was high, and the fluctuation range of the initial flowering time of most varieties (68.7%) was 0-0.04. (2) The flowering life of crabapple is highly sensitive to climate, and only some varieties (18%) have a relatively stable flowering length, with a fluctuation range of 1-2. (3) Ornamental crabapple flowering requires a certain low temperature stimulation, and different varieties have different low temperature requirements for flowering. (4) When the daily maximum temperature≥25℃, daily precipitation≥5mm or daily relative humidity≥80%, the flowering period of crabapple will be shortened.【Conclusion】Low temperature before flowering can significantly affect the stability of the initial flowering period of crabapple, and maintaining a suitable climate during flowering is of great significance for prolonging the flowering period of crabapple.

4 Biological Characteristics and Breeding System of Primrose Chicory Pollen in Primulina guizhongensis

HUANG Jiajun , XIE Meishi , JIANG Guiyun , LIU Juanxu , YU Yixun

2024, 44(9):1464-1473. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240004

[Abstract](104) [HTML](9) [PDF 4.74 M](6133)

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【Objective】To investigate the pollen biology characteristics of Primulina guizhongensis and the influence of the breeding system on its sexual reproduction, uncovering its reproduction mechanism and providing theoretical references for the conservation and development of Primulina.【Methods】Using P. guizhongensis as the material, we observed the floral characteristics of P. guizhongensis, screened the pollen isolation medium and the best pollen pollen viability detection method, explored optimal pollen storage conditions, determine the type of its breeding system.【Results】(1) P. guizhongensis dichogamy, stamens ripening before pistils; herkogamy, pistils higher than stamens (2) The optimum medium formulation for the culture of isolated pollen germination is 40 mg/mL boric acid + 10% sucrose + 7 g/L agar for two hours. (3) Pollen maintained a high germination rate after 7 d of storage at both -20°C and -80°C (4) The stigmas of P. guizhongensis are most fertile at 2-4 d of flowering. (5) P/O is 518.36~782.75, OCI is 5. (6) P. guizhongensis has a high self-fertilisation affinity and is unable to undergo fusionless reproduction.【Conclusion】 The in vitro germination method is the most intuitive and accurate way to detect pollen viability, low temperatures are conducive to pollen storage of P. guizhongensis, and the breeding system is predominantly heterogametic.

5 Anatomical Study of Nectar Gland Development and Changes in Sugar Content in Caucasian Clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb. )

TI Zhonghui , WANG Mingjiu

2024, 44(8):1305-1311. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230847

[Abstract](190) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.00 M](20572)

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【Objective】Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) is an excellent nectar source plant, and understanding the morphological characteristics, tissue structure, and development was critical for its reasonable utilization.【Methods】Well-grown standard plants of Caucasian clover were selected and sampled at different developmental periods of the florets, i.e., flower bud visible, petal visible, floret with white petal, floret with pink petal, and floret withered. The paraffin sectioning technology was used to observe the cell and tissue structure of the florets. The starch and soluble sugars including sucrose, fructose, and glucose were determined by capillary aspiration and physiological kit and spectrophotometry at the flower bud visible, petal visible, floret with white petal, floret with pink petal, and floret withered. 【Results】The results showed that: (1) The nectar amount of a individual floret was 0.394±0.095 μL, and the nectar amount per meter square was 4536.93±1319.34 μL. (2) The stamens nectar gland was located at the base of the inner filament of the 9-stamen-combined. The nectar gland tissue had obvious dynamic changes in the starch granules during the whole honey secretion process after PAS staining, which evidenced it was the amyloid nectar gland. (3) The soluble sugar content of floret was the highest at floret with pink petal stage with 7.978 mg/g. Fructose accounted for the largest proportion among the soluble sugar category, peaked at the floret with white petal stage with 66%, decreased gradually after this stage. The starch content accounted for 81%~82% of the total soluble sugar content with a maximum value of 35.173 mg/g at the floret with pink petal stage and the minimum value of 24.168 mg/g at floret with white petal stage. 【Conclusion】The nectar glands of the Caucasus clover belong to the stamens nectar glands, which are composed of secretory epidermal cells and nectar cells. The raw honey is provided by the vascular bundles adjacent to the nectar glands, processed into honey by the nectar gland cells, and finally secreted from the stomata of the epidermis. The soluble sugar content of Caucasus clover florets was the highest in the full flowering stage, and the proportion of fructose was the largest.

6 Five Newly Recorded Species of Angiosperms from Shanxi Province

WANG Gangshi , HAO Jue , JIA Zefan , SHI Baoling , LIU Ruixia

2024, 44(7):1175-1180. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240014

[Abstract](394) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.98 M](614)

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【Objective】 The aim is to enrich the angiosperm germplasm resources in Shanxi Province, and promote research on biodiversity and forest ecosystems in Zhongtiao area. 【Methods】 photos of Zhongtiao Mountains plant specimens and typical features were collated through specimen identification, data access and expert consultation, according to a large number of field vegetation survey. 【Results】 Five species of angiosperms had not been recorded in Shanxi Province, viz. Rumex acetosella L., Anemone narcissiflora subsp. protracta (Ulbrich) Ziman & Fedoronczuk, Cardamine flexuosa With., Impatiens lushiensis Y. L. Chen, Physalis minima L.. 【Conclusion】 These plants belonged to 5 families and 5 genera, These were newly recorded species of angiosperms from Shanxi Province, The discovery of these new records had enriched the angiosperms germplasm resources and provided the basis for the study on the plant diversity and florogenesis of Shanxi Province.

7 Some Newly Recorded Plants of Bambusoideae to Guizhou, China(I)

XU Xue , DAI Zhaoxia , WU Mingli , WEI Tanghang , YANG Daoping , GOU Guangqian

2024, 44(6):1009-1016. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230675

[Abstract](288) [HTML](0) [PDF 5.88 M](825)

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【Objective】 The study aims to ascertain the bamboo resources in Guizhou, to supplement and enrich the existing bamboo materials, as well as to provide a certain basis for the subsequent planning and development of bamboo industry. 【Methods】 Field investigations in the way of "surface" and "point" combination were carried out to collect and identify the specimens, as well as access of relevant reference data was sorted out to obtain genera and species of the bamboo that had never been recorded before. 【Results】 A genus and six species of newly recorded bamboo were found. The corresponding newly recorded genus was Schizostachyum species, and six newly recorded species were Schizostachyum pseudolima McClure, Bambusa funghomii McClure, Yushania longshanensis D. Z. Li & X. Y. Ye, Y. polytricha Hsueh et Yi, Y. pauciramificans Yi, Y. punctulata Yi. Report it now. 【Conclusion】 The discovery of these newly recorded genera and species in Guizhou expanded the distribution range and enriched the diversity of bamboo plants in Guizhou.

8 Photosynthetic Physiological Response of 9 Camellia Cultivars under High Temperature Stress and Comprehensive Evaluation of Their Heat Tolerance

GUO Weizhen , SONG Yao , ZHANG Danfeng , ZHANG Chunying

2024, 44(4):539-550. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230588

[Abstract](304) [HTML](0) [PDF 861.78 K](1301)

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【Aim】To provide theoretical basis for the heat-tolerance identification of genus Camellia, the discovery of heat-tolerance germplasm and the breeding of new cultivars.【Method】In this study, C. uraku and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’, a foreign cultivar were used as reference materials,7 new cultivars of cluster-flowering camellia were selected as test materials,after short-term (5h) and long-term (7d) high-temperature treatment, morphological, physiological and photosynthetic characteristics were observed. The heat tolerance was evaluated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】(1) The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, chlorophyll a/b, Pn and Gs all increased, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ETR remained at a high level, and also ‘Chuizhi Fenyu’ and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’ did not appear heat damage at 7 days of high temperature stress.Pn and Gs of 'Jinye Fenyu', 'Shangzhi Huazhang' and 'Meigui Chun' all decreased significantly under high temperature stress, while Ci increased. Among them, the Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ETR of 'Jinye Fenyu' and 'Shangzhi Huazhang' were significantly reduced, and after 7 days of long-term high temperature stress, these 3 cultivars showed serious heat damage or death. (2)15 individual indicators were converted into 4 independent comprehensive indicators with cumulative contribution rate of 90% through principal component analysis.The comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and lutein content were higher at 5h under high temperature stress, and the comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll a/b, Fv/Fm, qP and qN were higher at 7d under high temperature stress. Under high temperature stress for 7 days, from the largest to the smallest of comprehensive evaluation value D was as follows: Camellia uraku >‘Wirlinga Cascade’>‘Chuizhi Fenyu’>‘Shangzhi Yueguangqu’>‘Shangzhi Huanlesong’> ‘Sweet Gem’>‘Meigui Chun’> 'Shangzhi Huazhang' >‘Jinye Fenyu’.【Conclusions】According to the comprehensive evaluation value D, the 9 cultivars were divided into 3 heat tolerance grades, 'Chuizhi Fenyu' and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’, were heat tolerance cultivars, 'Shangzhi Yueguangqu', 'Shangzhi Huanlesong' and 'Sweet Gem' were medium heat tolerance cultivars, and 'Meigui Chun', 'Shangzhi Huazhang' and 'Jinye Fenyu' had the weakest heat tolerance,the heat resistance of C. uraku needs to be further verified.Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, xanthophyll content can be used as the key indexes to analyze the short-term high temperature stress of Camellia. Chlorophyll a/b,Fv/Fm,qP, qN,these 4 indexes can be used as the key indexes to analyze the long-term high temperature stress of Camellia.

9 Effects of short-term warming and precipitation reduction on community characteristics in semi-arid sandy grassland

ZHU Yuanzhong

2024, 44(3):470-478. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230380

[Abstract](183) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.67 M](1110)

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【Objective】 The aims of this article was to study effects of short-term warming, precipitation reduction on the species diversity, functional traits and productivity, reveal the responses of short-term warming, precipitation reduction on community characteristics to climate change in sandy grassland. 【Methods】 The authors investigated the combined effects of precipitation reduction (0%, 20%, 40%and 60%) and warming using open-top chambers (OTCs) on plant community composition, species diversity and functional trait and relationship between community characteristics and environmental factors. 【Results】 The important findings was: (1) Short-term warming, precipitation reduction led to changes in the plant community composition and species dominance of sandy grassland, dominant species of Artemisia scoparia, Lespedeza davurica and the community coverage, aboveground biomass was significantly lower. (2) The short-term warming significantly reduced Margalef richness index, Simpson index, Shannon index and Pielou index, but the short-term precipitation reduction had no significant effect on the four species diversities. (3)The short-term warming significantly increased the heightleaf dry matter content and reduced the leaf thickness, but the short-term precipitation reduction significantly increased the leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness and reduced the height, specific leaf are of plant community. (4) The short-term warming was affecting the species diversity and functional traits of the main environmental factors in sandy grassland. 【Conclusion】 In summary, Short-term warming, precipitation reduction changed community characteristics, temperature was affecting the community characteristics of the main environmental factors in sandy grassland.

10 The structure and ecological adaptability of six orchid species in the Beipan River Karst area of Guizhou Province.

WU Tianrou , AN Mingtai , WANG Kun , YU Jianghong , TANG Yubin

2024, 44(2):319-329. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230572

[Abstract](491) [HTML](0) [PDF 4.89 M](1237)

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【Objective】 The purposes of the study was to elucidate the adaptive traits of vegetative organ structure in Orchidaceae to Karst habitats, reveal the survival strategies of different orchid species in response to habitat heterogeneity, and provide theoretical support and reference for the research, protection and development of orchid species. 【Methods】 An investigation was conducted on the leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots of six Orchidaceae species with varying life forms in the Karst region of Beipan River, Guizhou Province. The paraffin section technique was employed to examine the structure and quantify relevant parameters. Descriptive and variance analyses, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were employed for data analysis. 【Results】 The findings revealed that: (1) There were significant differences in structural characteristics among different orchid species. Cymbidium qiubeiense, Cymbidium cyperifolium, Cymbidium lancifolium and Pholidota leveilleana were isofacial leaves with thin leaves. The leaves of Coelogyne flaccida and Bulbophyllum andersonii were heterofacial, with palisade tissue and spongy tissue differentiation, and the leaves were thicker. (2) Pseudobulbs are mainly composed of epidermis, basic tissue and vascular bundle. The cells of basic tissue are small and the density of vascular bundle is large. The basic tissue cells of the pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchid are larger and the water storage structure is more developed. (3) The root coat and cortex of ground orchid are thick, the root coat cells are closely arranged, and the cortical cells are more small layers. The rhizome and cortex of epiphyte orchids are thin, and the cortical cells are large. (4) The thickness of the lower epidermis of leaves was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness, leaf vascular bundle diameter, leaf flesh thickness, and leaf vein thickness (P < 0.01), while leaf flesh thickness was significantly negatively correlated with lower cuticle thickness and stem vascular bundle diameter (P < 0.05). Stem diameter was significantly positively correlated with epidermis thickness, stem vascular bundle number, and stem cross-sectional area, while stem vascular bundle diameter ratio was significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter, epidermis thickness, stem vascular bundle number, and stem cross-sectional area. The various indicators of roots were significantly positively correlated, and root diameter, root sheath thickness, and cortex thickness were significantly negatively correlated with root vascular bundle diameter ratio. 【Conclusion】 The research revealed that orchids possess a notably resilient convergent adaptability in comparable habitats, as evidenced by their stable root structure. Furthermore, the leaf and pseudobulb structures of orchids mutually facilitate and synchronize with one another, constituting the primary mechanism by which orchids respond to the arid karst environment.

11 Physiological response and key metabolic pathway analysis of sunflower to broomrape parasitism

ZHAO Rong , WANG Meng , ZHAO Yajie , ZHU Kongyan , WEN Yujie , BAO Haizhu

2024, 44(1):43-52. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20220828

[Abstract](258) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.50 M](890)

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In order to reveal the physiological response of sunflower to broomrape parasitism and its related metabolic pathways, the resistant-broomrape sunflower material (s41) and the sensitive-broomrape sunflower material (s26) were used as the test materials to inoculate the broomrape. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of 4 samples under the condition of parasitic stress in broomrape was carried out, and physiological verification analysis of some key substances was carried out. The results showed that the number of DEGs was 6362, 6609, 5490 and 5469 by screening the differential genes among the samples. GO analysis showed that the s26-s41, s26CK-s41CK, s26-s26CK, and s41-s41CK 4 comparison groups had more differential genes involved in biological processes, followed by cellular components, and less involved in molecular functions; KEGG analysis showed that Infection has a great influence on plant signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism in sunflower. The measurement results of physiological indicators showed that the enzymes involved in phenylpropane metabolism, antioxidant substances, and salicylic acid all showed an upward trend, indicating that under the parasitism of broomrape, the anti-stress system was activated, but the physiological indicators related to sense and anti-materials changed. The difference is that the gene expression that controls the relevant physiological indicators is different. The results laid the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of resistance broomrape.

12 Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of yellow and black seed coat color in pros millet

LI Qiang , BAI Lu , GAO Zhijun , GUO Shihua

2023, 43(8):1268-1275. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0066

[Abstract](1030) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.37 M](1562)

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In order to understand the genetic law and formation mechanism of black and yellow prosomillet seeds, this study used yellow seed coat variety "Huang limi I" and black seed coat variety "2016106I" to construct F₂ generation population, analyze the genetic law of seed coat color, use F₃ generation seeds for transcriptome sequencing, and explore the key genes that affect the color of millet seeds. The results showed that: (1) Through the hybrid combination of yellow seed millet I × Genetic analysis of seed coat color of F₁ and F₂populations of 2016106I hybrid combination showed that black was dominant to yellow and was controlled by a single gene. (2) According to the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, a total of 13 differentially expressed genes related to flavonoid synthesis pathway were screened, only C2845_ PM02G08740、C2845_ PM04G29280 and C2845_ PM09G22680 is an up-regulated gene, and the other 10 are down-regulated genes. Among them, C2845 is the gene with the largest differential multiple_ PM04G29280, the multiple of difference is 4.88 times; These genes encode many enzymes such as cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamyl CoA reductase, which are closely related to the formation of seed coat color. However, the major genes related to the color formation of the seed coat of millet can be determined only after further study. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of color formation of seed coat and breeding of new varieties of prosomillet.

13 Functional Analysis of Melatonin in the Regulation of Tobacco Plants Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae

CAI Nan , MA Wenna , XIAO Lin , ZHANG Jiarong , SONG Zhongbang , CHEN Qi

2023, 44(6):948-955. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230606

[Abstract](576) [HTML](0) [PDF 982.80 K](1598)

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To analyze the function and regulatory mechanism of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) in plant innate immunity, this study used the interaction between the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and tobacco as a model system. The study examined the influence of pathogen invasion on the expression of tobacco genes related to melatonin and analyzed the effects and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on pathogen grwoth, stomatal aperture, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) content in plant leaves. The results showed that: (1) Pst DC3000 treatment increased the expression of tobacco melatonin biosynthesis (NtSNAT1) and receptor (NtPMTR1) genes, and exogenous melatonin treatment reduced the bacterial contents in plant leaves. (2) Overexpression of the soybean GmSNAT1 significantly increased the endogenous melatonin concentrations and expression of NtPMTR1 in transgenic tobacco plants GmSNAT1-OE2 and GmSNAT1-OE5, and the Pst DC3000 bacteria growth number was significantly decreased. (3) Exogenous melatonin and bacterial flagellin peptide flg22 treatments induced the production of ROS and stomatal closure in both wild-type and transgenic tobacco guard cells, and the transgenic plants were more sensitive to melatonin- and flg22-induced stomatal closure and ROS production than the wild-type plants. Taken together, this study found that melatonin could reduce the bacteria invasion, which may probably be associated with promoting ROS production in guard cells and inducing stomatal closure via NtPMTR1-mediated signaling pathway.

14 Supplement to Orchids List in Tibet

HUANG Jing , SUN Mei , ZHANG Jianhang , ZHANG Zhen , WU Jianyong , TIAN Huaizhen

2023, 43(1):155-166. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0155

[Abstract](838) [HTML](0) [PDF 15.29 M](1624)

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The statistics of 15 new species and 77 newly recorded species of Orchidaceae in Tibet Autonomous Region in 2017-2022 showed that most of them (85.9%) were found in Medog County. Here, we investigated the wild orchid resources in Medog County in 2021. After critical survey of literatures and specimens, we have found that one newly recorded genus, viz. Cheirostylis Blume, and 10 new records of orchid species, viz. Bulbophyllum sinhoense Aver., Gastrodia putaoensis X. H. Jin, C. chinensis Rolfe, B. sasakii (Hayata) J. J. Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel, Dendrobium praecinctum Rchb.f., Cyrtosia falconeri (Hook. f.) Aver., Oberonia rufilabris Lindl., Rhomboda tokioi (Fukuy.) Ormerod, Tainia dunnii Rolfe and Zeuxine agyokuana Fukuy. in Medog County. In addition, B. sinhoense and G. putaoensis were two newly recorded species in China. The description of morphological characteristics, the anatomic photos of newly recorded species, and also the differences with similar species for identification are provided based on the fresh plants and the latest literature. All the voucher specimens are preserved in the Herbarium of East China Normal University (HSNU).

15 Effect of Biological Soil Crusts Development on Soil Nutrients in a Typical Grassland on the Loess Plateau of Central Gansu

ZHOU Shijing，HAN Binghong , JIANG Jiachang , HAN Tianhu , SUN Bin , NIU Decao

2023, 43(1):147-154. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0147

[Abstract](642) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.12 M](1340)

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To understand the relationship between the development of biological soil crusts and soil nutrient characteristics, this study selected moss crust (M-crust) and lichen crust (L-crust) at different stages of development, and analyzed the nutrients in the crust layer and the 3cm soil below the crust. The results show that: (1) the moss crust organisms were more bioenriched for TN, TP, Cu and Zn with enrichment coefficients up to 807.4%, 175%, 122.4% and 244.5%, respectively, while the lichen crust organisms were more bioenriched for TN, TP and Ca with enrichment coefficients up to 950.8%, 126.2% and 208.6%, respectively. And TP, Na, K, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mg and Zn except for Ca were significantly higher in moss crust organisms than in lichen crust organisms. (2) There was no significant linear correlation between the coverage of soil biological crusts and their soil nutrient contents in microhabitats, but the average TN, TP, Cu, Fe, K, Na and Ca contents in soils with different coverage of moss crusts were higher than those in lichen crusts. This study showed that different types of biological soil crusts have different nutrient uptake and enrichment efficiencies, and moss crusts in the late stage of development have stronger accumulation effects on nutrients than lichen crusts in the middle stage of development, which improve the nutrient storage capacity of soil and have potentially important impacts on the restoration and reconstruction of typical grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau.

16 Differential Expression of Photosynthesis-Related Genes in Lycium barbarum under NaCl Stress

HU Jinhong , SONG Fan , LIANG Wangli , YU Wenjing , WANG Lingxia , LIANG Wenyu

2023, 43(1):106-115. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0106

[Abstract](835) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.10 M](1275)

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Lycium barbarum is a famous salt-tolerant medicinal plant, this study conducted through indoor hydroponics experiments. High-throughput sequencing technology and qRT-PCR technology were used to determine the differential expression of photosynthetic related genes in leaves of L. barbarum under different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L), and the changes of chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity were analyzed.The purpose of this study was to reveal the differential expression of photosynthetic mechanisms and photosynthesis related genes of L. barbarum under salt stress, which laid the foundation for further analysis of the photosynthetic mechanism of L. barbarum in response to salt stress.The results showed as follows: (1) 14, 26 and 55 photosynthesis related genes were differentially expressed when treated with 100, 200 and 300 mmol/L NaCl for 7 days, respectively, the down-regulated genes were more than up-regulated genes with the increase of NaCl stress. (2) The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expressions of ATPε, CLH2 and Lhcb3 of the three photosynthetic related genes of L. barbarum showed a significantly decreased trend with the increase of NaCl stress. The results of qRT-PCR verification were basically consistent with the results of RNA-seq sequencing. (3) With the increase of NaCl stress, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, the net photosynthetic rate and the activity of Rubisco in the leaves of L. barbarum decreased significantly, but the carotenoid content did not change significantly. It was suggested that L. barbarum could regulate leaf photosynthetic activity in response to NaCl stress by inducing the differential expression of photosynthesis related genes.

17 Comparative Study on Embolism Vulnerability in Petals and Leaves of Camellia japonica and Rhododendron hybridum

XIA Ying , LI Jieting , TANG Jing , TANG Ming , ZHANG Ximin

2023, 43(1):79-87. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0079

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Abstract:
Under the background of global climate change, screening urban greening plants with strong drought tolerance is an important way to deal with the shortage of groundwater resources and urban greening construction in the future. In this paper, Camellia japonica and Rhododendron hybridum were used as materials, and the drought resistance of petals and leaf tissues of them during water stress were compared. The embolism vulnerability curves of petals and leaves were constructed by optical technology, and the morphological and structural characteristics of petals and leaves in C. japonica and R. hybridum were observed. The results showed that: (1) there was no significant difference in the water potential of the soil where C. japonica and R. hybridum were grown under natural drought, and both were significantly reduced from day 9 compared with the control. The water potential of R. hybridum leaves and petals decreased significantly on day 9 after the natural drought, while the water potential of the leaves and petals of the C. japonica leaves decreased significantly when the natural drought lasted until day 12. (2) The P50 (the corresponding water potential when 50% embolism occurred) values of petals and leaves of R. hybridum were -3.24 MPa and -4.40 MPa, respectively, which were higher than those of C. japonica (-3.99 MPa for petals，and -5.92 MPa for leaves). (3) There was no significant difference in the thickness of petals and the thickness of upper and lower epitheliums between C. japonica and R. hybridum, while the veins density and stomatal density of C. japonica petals were significantly greater than those of R. hybridum; C. japonica leaves thickness, upper and lower epithelium thickness, sponge tissue thickness and leaf veins density were significantly greater than those of the R. hybridum. The embolism vulnerability of C. japonica and R. hybridum is related to its tissue morphological structure, the thicker the leaf thickness, the upper and lower epidermis thickness and the sponge tissue thickness, the less embolism vulnerability there is. In the case of increasing drought in the future, C. japonica can be preferentially selected as a flower plant for urban greening.

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