Recommended articles

1 Transcriptional Regulation of Suberin and Its Response to the Environment

ZHOU Yue , AN Yongping , MA Rong , WANG Pei

2024, 44(12):1993-2006. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240439

[Abstract](6) [HTML](0) [PDF 700.75 K](7)

Abstract:
【Objective】 Suberin is a polyester-type biopolymer that specifically deposits in tissues such as the endodermis, periderm, seed coat, and wound epidermis of plants. Acting as a barrier between the plants and their environment, suberin controls the transport of water and solutes, protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogenic invasion. This article reviews the key enzymes and transcription factors involved in suberin biosynthesis, discusses the impact of environmental factors on suberin synthesis and deposition, and looks ahead to future research directions.【Reviews】 The regulation of suberin involves various factors, including key enzymes such as β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), fatty acyl reductase (FAR), cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP family), and transcription factors such as MYB, NAC, WRKY, etc. Environmental factors also regulate the biosynthesis and deposition of suberin through complex signal transduction pathways. 【Prospect】 Future research should focus on the key regulatory nodes of suberin biosynthesis, particularly exploring the factors that influence species-specific deposition of suberin in crops. By leveraging multi-omics approaches to elucidate its transport, assembly, and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms, there is potential to provide new strategies for enhancing nutrient use efficiency and stress resistance in crop genetic improvement.

2 Deciphering the Systematic Identification and Response Pattern of Tea Plants’ BRX Orthologs Under Stress and Gibberellin Regulation

CHEN Yi , YANG Ni , LUO Wei , LI Jingwen , LIU Hui , ZHUANG Jing

2024, 44(11):1725-1734. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240303

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【Objective】 The identification and characterization of the BRX family genes in tea plant, along with the analysis of their expression patterns in various tissues and under stress conditions. The research lays the groundwork for investigation into the functions of the tea plant BRX genes. 【Methods】 Employed the tea plant genome database and bioinformatics software such as TBtools, we have conducted an identification and analysis of BRX genes. The experimental material was tea plant variety ‘Shuchazao’. Different treatments including salt stress, drought, high temperature, low temperature, and exogenous GA3 application have been applied to it for various durations. The relative transcript abundance of the BRX gene family across different tissues and under these stresses conditions was quantified using RT-qPCR. 【Results】 A total of 5 CsBRX genes have been identified, encoding proteins composed of 313~370 amino acids. The structures of genes were similar and highly conserved. The promoter regions contained hormone and stress response elements. Based on evolutionary relationships, BRX proteins were divided into 4 subfamilies. CsBRX1, CsBRX3 and CsBRX5 were all expressed in young leaves, while CsBRX4 was exclusively expressed in old leaves. Under salt stress for 12 h, the transcriptional levels of CsBRX1, CsBRX2 and CsBRX4 were elevated to the greatest extend. CsBRX2 exhibited a swift response to low-temperature stress, with its relative expression peaked at the 1 h mark. CsBRX2 demonstrated a positive response to exogenous GA3 signaling, and its expression reached a zenith at the 24 h interval. 【Conclusion】 The CsBRX genes demonstrated tissue-specific expression patterns, responded variably to multiple stresses and GA signal, which offered insights for the investigation of stress tolerance mechanisms within tea plants.

3 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression of two ploidy Camellia reticulata species under low temperature stress

FU Xian , YONG Qingqing , ZHOU Lin , WANG-WEI Qinlan , QU Yan

2024, 44(10):1509-1519. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240245

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【Objective】 Camellia reticulata is the first of the eight famous flowers with evergreen leaves and bright colors, but its cold tolerance is poor. This paper discusses the cold tolerance of two ploidy Camellia reticulata from the physiological and molecular levels, which can provide references for the mining of cold tolerance genes and molecular breeding of Camellia reticulata. 【Methods】 Using tetraploid (4X) and hexaploid (6X) annual seedlings of wild Camellia reticulata as experimental materials, physiological indexes and transcriptome sequencing of leaves of Camellia reticulata. were determined after low temperature (-4℃) stress treatment (0 h, 24 h, 72 h, reheated for 48 h and reheated for 72 h). 【Results】 From the observation of leaf phenotype, from the stress period to the rewarming period, the damage degree of hexaploid leaves was relatively small, and the cold resistance performance of hexaploid leaves was better than that of tetraploid leaves. According to the results of physiological indexes, except

4 Screening and validation of interaction targets for wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase TaRING1

WANG Jinmian , HAN Luxin , KANG Zhensheng , LIU Jie

2024, 44(9):1411-1419. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240276

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【Objective】 In order to explore the role of TaRING1 in the interaction between wheat and stripe rust, analyze its mechanism and provide theoretical basis for the green prevention and control of wheat stripe rust.【Methods】 The interaction target protein of TaRING1 was screened by yeast two-hybrid technique and verified by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays. The ubiquitin function of TaRING1 was verified by ubiquitination experiments. The subcellular localization of target TaRIP92 was observed by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and protoplast transformation in wheat. 【Results】 Using TaRING1 as bait, the interaction target TaRIP92 was screened by yeast two-hybrid technology, and the interaction between TaRING1 and TaRIP92 was verified by LCA and BiFC. In vitro ubiquitination experiments proved that TaRING1 could ubiquitinate TaRIP92. Transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana and wheat protoplast transformation showed that TaRIP92 protein was localized in mitochondria. 【Conclusion】 TaRING1 interacts with mitochondrial protein TaRIP92 and ubiquitinates it.

5 Cloning and Disease Resistance Function Analysis of the Potato Phytosulfokine Gene StPSK4

WANG Xiang , NIU Yang , XUE Xiaofei , CHENG Shengyang , LU Haibin

2024, 44(8):1218-1228. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240237

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【Objective】 The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for potato disease resistance breeding by investigating the characteristics of the potato defensin gene StPSK4 and conducting a functional analysis of its role in potato disease resistance. 【Methods】 The authors Utilized bioinformatics techniques for a systematic analysis of StPSK4, conducting transcriptome sequencing analysis to study the tissue-specific expression patterns of StPSK4 under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, assessing the plant innate immune responses and sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae in StPSK4 overexpressing plants. 【Results】 The cDNA full length of the StPSK4 gene was 457 bp, encoding 100 amino acids; StPSK4 contains a signal peptide, with its tertiary structure mainly composed of α-helices and random coils; The C-terminus of PSK4 contains the defensin sequence YIYTQ; StPSK4 shared a high similarity of over 80% with Solanaceae crops; StPSK4 was highly expressed in potato sprouts and petioles, and showed strong responses to abiotic stresses such as high temperature, salt, P. syringae, and Phytophthora infestans. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing StPSK4 had been constructed and obtained. Overexpression of StPSK4 suppressed ROS burst in potato, defensed marker gene expression, and enhanced resistance to P. syringae. 【Conclusion】 StPSK4 was involved in potato stress response and suppressed potato's disease resistance function.

6 Effects of seedling containers on the growth, flowering and physiology of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica container seedlings

WANG Xiangying , WEI Lijiao , WANG xiaoming , TANG li , ZENG huijie , CHEN yi

2024, 44(7):1064-1072. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230826

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【Objective】 This study aims to examine how different seedling containers affect the growth, blooming, and physiology of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica seedlings. The goal is to determine the optimal seedling containers for growing purple-leaf L. indica container seedlings and to lay the groundwork for effective vetch container seedling breeding. 【Methods】 Taking the excellent new variety of Lagerstroemia indica 'Ebony Embers' as the research object, a total of 9 treatments with different types and specifications of seedling containers were designed to determine the effects of different treatments on the growth, flowering, and physiology of container seedlings. 【Results】 (1) Different nursery containers had significant effects on the growth, flowering, and physiology of .purple-leaf L. indica container seedlings. The growth, root system, biomass, flowering period, flower diameter, inflorescence, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and other indexes of the container seedlings increased with the container specifications, and all of them reached a significant difference. (2) The C3D3 treatment（25 cm diameter, 25 cm high black root control container） exhibited the greatest in-ground growth, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, above-ground dry weight, below-ground dry weight, total dry weight, and flowering period. These results were significantly greater than the smallest C1D1 treatment（16 cm diameter, 16 cm high black plastic nutritional cups） by 817.12%, 108.12%, 94.60%, 75.66%, 144.14%, 135.67%, 228.45%, 164.65, 20d; additionally, the C1D3 treatment had the highest growth in terms of seedling height, crown growth, leaf area, inflorescence length, and width, which were significantly greater than the lowest C1D1 treatment by 116.05%, 81.39%, 114.95%, 70.44%, and 65.79%, respectively. (3) The C3D3 treatment had the highest relative chlorophyll content and water use efficiency. The C1D3 treatment（25 cm diameter, 25 cm high black plastic nutritional cups） had the highest soluble protein and soluble sugar content, net photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance; there were no appreciable differences between the treatments in terms of intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency. (4) In terms of biomass, blooming stage and diameter, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and diameter growth, black root-control containers outperformed other container types. (5) The comprehensive analysis score ranking for each index affiliation function method is as follows: C3D3>C1D3>C2D3>C3D2> C2D2>C1D2> C2D1>C3D1>C1D1, the most suitable seedling containers for the cultivation of 2-year-old purple-leaf L. indica container seedling cultivation are the 2.5cm diameter and 2.5cm high black root-control containers.

7 The cloning and expression analysis of FtWRKY28 gene of Fagopyrum tataricum treated by low phosphorus and hormones

WEN Biyao , PENG Xixu , TIAN Jianhong , WU Qingtao , WANG Haihua , TANG Xinke

2024, 44(6):930-937. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230313

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【Objective】 WRKY transcription factors are involved in regulation of low phosphorus stress in plants. Based on previous transcriptome data of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under low phosphorus stress, the aim of this study is to isolate FtWRKY28 gene, to predict the structure of the gene and its deduced protein, to analyze the subcellular localization and transcription activating activity of the protein, and to investigate the gene expression patterns in different organs and under low phosphorus stress and hormone application, thus providing a basis for the function identification of the gene. 【Methods】 Specific primer sequences were designed according to the annotated Tartary buckwheat genome database. Reverse transcription PCR was used to amplify the entire coding sequence (CDS) of FtWRKY28 from the root RNA pools generated from Tartary buckwheat stressed by low phosphorus. Bioinformatical tools were employed to analyze the structures of the gene and protein and the phylogenetic relationships of homologous proteins. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the gene expression patterns. Transient expression system of Arabidopsis proplasts was used to analyze the subcellular localization of the protein. Yeast one-hybrid was employed to analyze the transcription activating activity of the protein. 【Results】 The obtained CDS of FtWRKY28 was 876 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 291 amino acid residues consisting of one conserved WRKY domain with a zinc finger motif of C2H2, thus belonging to the WRKY group II. FtWRKY28 was localized in nucleus, and had transcription-activating activity. The transcript abundance of FtWRKY28 was relatively higher in roots, and was significantly induced by low phosphorus and hormones such as indole acetic acid, gibberellin 3, and 6-benzylamino purine in roots. 【Conclusion】 Taken together, FtWRKY28 possesses basic structural and biochemical characteristics as a putative transcription factor, and may be involved in low phosphorus response possibly by crosstalk of auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin signaling networks.

8 Functional Identification of OsMGD2 and OsMGD3 Gene in Rice and their Effects in Response to Phosphorus Deficiency in Tobacco

XI Yuan , ZHANG Meijuan , LI Shasha , WANG Linglong , YIN Lina , WANG Shiwen

2024, 44(5):716-728. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230724

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【Objective】 Monogalactose diglyceride synthase (MGD) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of monogalactose diglyceride (MGDG) and plays an important role in plant response to low phosphorus tolerance. To systematically understand the role and function of OsMGD2 and OsMGD3 genes in response to phosphorus(P) deficiency. 【Methods】 A pot experiment was conducted to analysis physiological responses and lipid composition changes of wild-type (SR1) and transgenic tobacco under normal and P deficiency condition.【Results】 The was no difference in P content between transgenic and wild-type tobacco under normal and P deficiency conditions. However, the biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic electronic transfer of transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than wild type. The phospholipid (PL) content, digalactose diglyceride (DGDG) content, DGDG/MGDG ratio and galactosyllipid (GL)/PL ratio of transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than those of wild type tobacco under low phosphorus deficiency, and the lipid content and ratio of OsMGD3 transgenic tobacco were higher than OsMGD2 transgenic tobacco.【Conclusion】 Regulation of OsMGD2/3 gene expression in rice can improve the membrane lipid remodeling ability of plants under phosphorus deficiency, maintain the higher photosynthetic and growth capacity of plants under phosphorus deficiency, and increase the plant tolerance to low phosphorus stress.

9 Mitigation effect of epibrassinolide on Echinochloa frumentacea seedlings under salt stress

HOU Wenjun , MA Dongmei , ZHANG Ling , HANG Jiahui

2024, 44(4):517-528. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230498

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【Objective】 Echinochloa frumentacea is a high-yielding and high-quality forage grass that can be used as both forage and feed. The soil salinization in the planting area seriously affects its normal growth, development, and yield. Epioilcanola (EBR) is an active analogue of brassinosteroid (BRs) plant hormones. To offer a theoretical foundation for the application of EBR to the production of E. frumentacea on salinized soils, it is necessary to investigate the regulatory effects of this lactone on the salt tolerance of E. frumentacea as well as its mode of action to mitigate the salt stress damage. 【Methods】E. frumentacea variety 'Ningji No.1' seedlings were employed as test subjects. After determining the appropriate concentrations of salt stress, separate treatments were set up using salt (150 mmol/L NaCl) and various concentrations of EBR (1, 10, and 100 μg/L). The hydroponic test was used to examine changes in growth indexes, physiological stress resistance indexes, photosynthesis indexes, ionic homeostasis, encoding the signaling pathway of salt allergy (SOS), and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes in the seedling under each treatment. 【Results】 (1) E. frumentacea seedlings treated with salt stress alone showed significantly slower growth (plant height, root length, biomass, etc.) when compared to the control; leaf photosynthesis indexes (chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Y(Ⅱ), Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, etc.); osmotic regulating substance content (proline content, soluble Proline content, soluble protein content); and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) activities were significantly reduced; root K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents were significantly decreased, but root Na+ content was significantly increased; leaf reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide) content and cell membrane permeability (malondialdehyde content, relative conductivity) were significantly increased; in the meantime Nevertheless, the use of EBR therapy alone did not significantly impact the majority of the aforementioned indices.(2) After salt stress, E. frumentacea adverse alterations in the aforementioned indices were effectively reduced by spraying various doses of EBR treatments; the greatest results were obtained with 10μg/L EBR treatment (SS+E10).(3) Compared with the salt stress treatment alone, the growth indexes as well as the content of osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis indexes of E. frumentacea seedlings treated with SS+E10 were significantly improved, the cell membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species content of leaves were significantly reduced; the intracellular Na+ accumulation in the root cells was significantly reduced, and the content of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the root system was significantly increased, and the homeostatic balance of Na+/K+ ions was regulated; and the expression of the genes related to the SOS signaling pathway and antioxidant enzymes was significantly up-regulated. 【Conclusion】 Foliar spraying of EBR significantly up-regulated the expression of SOS signaling pathway and antioxidant enzyme-related genes in the leaves of E. frumentacea seedlings under salt stress, enhanced their antioxidant and osmoregulatory abilities, reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, maintained the balance of ionic homeostasis in the root system, and effectively protected the photosynthesis and normal growth of seedling leaves, which had a significant regulatory effect on the promotion of salt tolerance in E. frumentacea and had the best effect with the treatment of 10μg/L EBR.

10 Effect of Water Deficiency on Growth,Qualities and Water Use Efficiency of Weibei Apple in Different Developmental Periods

ZHAO Shuang , MA Ziqing , LI Xuewei , LI Wenqiang , GUAN Qingmei

2024, 44(3):345-352. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20220702

[Abstract](1232) [HTML](0) [PDF 553.24 K](2426)

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[Objective] To explore the mechanism of water saving and water control methods to regulate the efficient use efficiency of apple water, and optimize the management methods of water saving, high yield and income increase in Weibei apple main producing area. [Methods] The eight-year-old 'Yanfu 3 /T337' apple tree was selected from the experimental station of Tiefu town, Xian County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Xi 'an Fruit Friends Association, and two irrigation water levels were set: Full irrigation (relative water content of soil after irrigation: 75%) and slight deficit irrigation (relative water content of soil after irrigation: 50%).There were four irrigation modes: full irrigation at both fruits growing and expanding stages (CK), light deficit irrigation at both fruits growing and expanding stages (W1), light deficit irrigation at fruits growing and expanding stages (W2), and light deficit irrigation at fruits growing and expanding stages (W3). Spring shoot growth index, fruit quality index and fruit yield index were determined, to calculate water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and fruit comprehensive evaluation satisfaction to determine the best deficit irrigation method. [Results] (1) There were no significant differences in shoot length and leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) among different irrigation modes, but the diameter of spring shoot decreased significantly under different deficit irrigation. (2) Compared with CK, the single fruit weight was significantly reduced by 10.3% under W1 water deficit irrigation treatment, the titrable acid content of fruit was significantly reduced by 14.7% under W2 treatment, and the fruit shape index and soluble solid content were not significantly changed under the three water deficit treatments. (3) W1 deficit irrigation treatment can significantly increase the peel yellow value b*, W2 irrigation treatment can significantly increase the peel color saturation C*, but deficit irrigation treatment has no significant effect on the peel brightness value L* and red green value a*. (4) Compared with CK, fruit yield decreased by 13.4%-24.7% under each treatment, but only W1 treatment reached a significant level; The fruit tree irrigation water use efficiency increased in different degrees in each deficit irrigation treatment, but only W1 treatment significantly increased by 38.0%. There was no significant difference in water consumption and water use efficiency of fruit trees under each treatment. The satisfaction of fruit comprehensive evaluation was W2 > CK > W3（W1）. [Conclusion] According to the comprehensive evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation satisfaction of apples in Weibei area of Shaanxi province was the highest under mild deficit irrigation in growth period and full irrigation in expansion period (W2). There was no significant change in fruit yield and single fruit weight, but the fruit quality was better and the water use efficiency of fruit trees was higher.

11 Effects of Cinnamic Acid and Phthalic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn.

NING Kezhen , YUAN Xuesong , YANG Zhongren , HUANG Xiumei , HAO Lizhen , ZHANG Fenglan

2024, 44(2):173-181. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20221030

[Abstract](566) [HTML](0) [PDF 550.30 K](1036)

Abstract:
The seedlings of P.cornutum(L.) Gaertn. and P.dolabratum Maxim. were used as experimental materials. Observed the growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and gas exchange parameters under 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol·L-1 cinnamic acid and phthalic acid treatment. To explore the effect on photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn. The results showed :(1) Cinnamic acid and phthalic acid promoted seedling growth at low concentrations and inhibited seedling growth at high concentrations. The growth of P.dolabratum Maxim. was inhibited. 10 mmol·L-1 cinnamic acid and phthalic acid treatment had the most significant growth inhibition effect on Pugionium Gaertn. (2) Chl a, Chl b and Chl.a+b decreased in different degrees after treatment with different concentrations of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid. (3) Pn, Tr, Gs at 10 mmol·L-1 were significantly lower than that of the control, while Ci had no significant change. The main reasons for the reduction of photosynthetic rate were non-stomatal factors. (4) Fv/Fm、ФPSII、qP at 10 mmol·L-1 were significantly lower than that of the control and NPQ were significantly higher than control. The study found that the high concentrations of phthalic acid and cinnamic acid inhibited photosynthesis and reduced photosynthetic rate in seedlings, resulting in the impairment of PSII reaction center activity and opening in leaves of these two species, which subsequently affected the growth of Pugionium Gaertn. In addition, the effects of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid on photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn. were different, which might be due to different plant types and stress types.

12 Combination Culture System for Leaves Explant of Lycium ruthenicum with High Genetic Transformation Rate and Low Seedling Vitrification Rate

YAN Ting , WU Riheng , LU Min , YANG Rong , WANG Meizhen , LIU Xuefeng

2024, 44(1):53-62. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230463

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Abstracts: In order to establish an efficient and stable genetic transformation system of Lycium ruthenicum, effectively reduce the vitrification rate of regenerated seedlings, promote the study of gene function and improve the efficiency of genetic improvement. In this paper, the leaves of Lycium ruthenicum were used as explants, and the genetic transformation method mediated by Agrobacterium (LBA4404, EHA105) was used, which adjusted the type of basic medium, added the corresponding concentration of plant hormones, screened out the optimal callus induction medium, differentiation and selection medium and rooting induction medium. The genetic transformation rate of Lycium ruthenicum increased to more than 65%, and the vitrification rate of seedlings decreased to less than 10%. In this combination culture system lays an important foundation for molecular breeding of Lycium ruthenicum. The results showed that: (1) The optimal Agrobacterium infection concentration ( OD600 ) was 0.6 and the infection time was 25 min in the efficient combination culture system of Lycium ruthenicum leaves. Under this condition, the infected leaves were placed in the callus induction medium, and the resistance callus induction rate was 78.2%-96%;(2) The optimum differentiation and selection culture medium for genetic transformation of Lycium ruthenicum was : MS + inositol 50 mg / L + nicotinic acid 0.25 mg / L + VB6 0.25 mg / L + Fe salt mother liquor 1 mL / L + glycine 1.0 mg / L + VB1 0.05 mg / L + 6-BA 0.25 mg / L + sucrose 30 g / L + agar 6 g / L + Kanamycin 30 mg / L + Timentin 300 mg / L ( pH = 6.0 ) ;The optimal rooting culture medium was WPM + IBA 0.25 mg / L + sucrose 30 g / L + agar 6 g / L + Kanamycin 30 mg / L + Timentin 300 mg / L ( pH = 6.0 ).(3) In the optimal differentiation and selection culture medium, the seedling vitrification rate infected by Agrobacterium LBA4404-pBI121 was about 65 %, while the seedling vitrification rate infected by Agrobacterium EHA105-pBI121 was less than 10 %.(4) The rooting efficiency of regenerated seedlings of Lycium ruthenicum could reach about 81.2 % by using low-salt WPM medium of woody plants. (5) The ratio of the number of positive callus to the total number of inoculated leaves was used as the evaluation index of genetic transformation efficiency. In the optimal genetic transformation system, the genetic transformation rates of Agrobacterium LBA4404-pBI121 and EHA105-pBI121 were 51% and 65.2%, respectively. The efficient combination culture system of Lycium ruthenicum leaves can significantly improve its genetic transformation rate and reduce the incidence of vitrified seedlings.

13 Identification and Expression Analysis of NtBES1 Transcription Factor Family in Nitraria tangutorum

WANG Lirong , DU Meng , YI Dan , WANG Bo , YANG Xinguang , LI Yi

2023, 43(1):45-54. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0045

[Abstract](858) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.45 M](1233)

Abstract:
The study was based on full-length transcriptome data from Nitraria tangutorum, and the seedlings of N. tangutorum were used as experimental materials, NtBES1 family members from the transcriptome were identified and bioinformatics analysis were carried out; in addition, quantitative Real-time PCR was applied to analysis the expression patterns of NtBES1s in leaves treated with different concentrations of PEG and NaCl, which lay the foundation for the in-depth study of function of NtBES1 family members and molecular mechanism of stress resistance in N. tangutorum. The results showed that: (1) a total of 7 NtBES1s with complete BES1_N conserved domains were identified, and they were named as NtBES1-1-NtBES1-7; (2) the amino acids number of NtBES1 protein ranged from 86 to 422 aa, the molecular weight ranged from 9.75 kD to 47.53 kD, the isoelectric point ranged from 5.29 to 10.22, the instability index ranged from 34.88 to 75.02, and the average hydrophilic coefficient was negative; (3) the prediction results of subcellular localization showed that NtBES1-6 was localized in the cytoplasm, and the remaining 6 members were localized in the nucleus; (4) the seven NtBES1s were divided into three groups by phylogenetic tree, NtBES1-2, NtBES1-3 and NtBES1-7 were a group, NtBES1-1, NtBES1-5 and NtBES1-6 were a group, and NtBES1-4 was a single group, and the structure, physicochemical properties and functional annotations of the members in same groups were similar; (5) the three genes with high expression levels screened in the pre-experiment showed different expression patterns under stress: NtBES1-2 and NtBES1-6 were upregulated only at 30% PEG treatment for 2 h; under NaCl treatment, NtBES1-2 and NtBES1-4 showed the highest expression at 200 mmol/L treatment for 2 h, after 450 mmol/L treatment for 12 h, the expression level of these three genes gradually began to up-regulate, and reached to their highest levels at 24 h. The research shows that there are differences in the structural characteristics of NtBES1s, and different members play different roles in drought and salt tolerance process.

14 Cloning of GhCSN6A Gene from Gossypium hirsutum L. and Its Expression under Low Phosphorus Stress

QING Guixia , GENG Feifei , LIANG Yingying , ZHOU Junjiang , ZHANG Fuhou , MENG Chaomin

2023, 43(1):29-36. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.01.0029

[Abstract](892) [HTML](0) [PDF 947.79 K](1202)

Abstract:
In this study, the differentially expressed sequence ES816317 was cloned based on the differential expression sequence results of the low phosphorus stress gene expression profile chip in the roots of Gossypium hirsutum L. and the genome database. We used bioinformatics methods to analyze its nucleotide and protein. Its tissue expression pattern and relative expression under low phosphorus stress were detected by using qRT-PCR technology, so as to lay the foundation for analyzing the biological function of GhCSN6A in G. hirsutum and provide genetic resources for cotton phosphorus efficient genetic engineering breeding. The results showed that: (1) GhCSN6A gene of G. hirsutum L. was successfully cloned, and the full length of the open reading frame of the gene was 948 bp, encoding 315 amino acids. GhCSN6A protein, called COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6a, belonged to the MOV34 protein superfamily, had an MPN_CSN6 domain, and was localized in the nucleus. (2) Sequence alignment and evolution analysis showed that the similarity of GhCSN6A to HsCSN6A and AtCSN6A was 95.87% and 84.54%, respectively, so the gene was named GhCSN6A. (3) qRT-PCR analysis showed that GhCSN6A was expressed in all tested tissue including root, stem, leaf and flower, and the expression level was the highest in leaf, but there was no significant difference between leaf and root. The relative expression of GhCSN6A gene was the lowest in the root treated with low phosphorus for 24 h. However, the highest in the root treated with low phosphorus for 72 h, which was twice that of the suitable phosphorus (control) treatment. The study has speculated that GhCSN6A gene played an important role in the response to low phosphorus stress in G. hirsutum.

15 Aster artemisiaodorum (Asteraceae), a New Species from China

LIU Mingzhu , SU Xiangxiu , TU Xiongde , MA Liang , SONG Meixiu , CHEN Shipin

2022, 42(12):2143-2151. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2022.12.2143

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This paper describes a new species of Aster L. of Compositae, A. artemisiaodorum X.X.Su, S. P. Chen & L. Ma sp.nov., found in Mangdang Mountain, mountainous area of Northern Fujian, China. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on two nuclear genes (ITS, ETS) and one chloroplast gene (trnLF) fragments showed that this species is independent and is a sister group with A. baccharoides, but its morphology is quite different from that of A. baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz. It has the characteristics of hairless on both sides of all leaves, racemose tube, 1-1.8 cm head inflorescence, 5-8 tongue flowers and aromatic smell on the whole plant. The results of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis support the establishment of this new species and should be reported. All the type specimens were preserved in the Herbarium of College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.

16 Diversity of Desmids and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Wetlands of Northern Xinjiang

WANG Dining , AKBAR Yimit , L Haiying

2022, 42(12):2123-2132. DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2022.12.2123

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Abstract:
In order to explore the distribution and characteristics of Desmids diversity in the wetlands of major areas in northern Xinjiang (Urumqi, Altay and Ili), this study collected data through literature review, specimen collection and identification, and analyzed species diversity using GF index method. We used Person correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) to analyze its relationship with environmental factors, to provide basic information for the investigation of Desmids resources and the study of freshwater alga diversity in Xinjiang wetland. The results showed that: (1) there were 189 species of Desmids in the study area, belonging to 1 phylum, 1 class, 2 orders, 6 families and 18 genera; Desmidiaceae was the dominant family, with 154 species, accounting for 81.48% of the total species. The dominant genera were Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, Staurastrum Ralfs and Closterium Nitzsch, with 137 species, accounting for 72.49% of the total species. (2) The values of D_F, D_G and D_F-G were the highest in Altay, which was 2.6213, 2.0828 and 0.5095, respectively. (3) The distribution of species and quantity of Desmids in the study area was as follows: Altay region > Urumqi and its surrounding areas > Ili Region, and the variation trend of zonal factors was more obvious than that of meridional factors. (4) The Person correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the diversity of Desmids species in Altay region were atmospheric temperature, and those affecting in Urumqi and its surrounding areas were atmospheric temperature, electrical conductivity and longitude. However, there was no correlation with environmental indicators in Ili region. (5) Redundancy analysis showed that pH and atmospheric temperature were the main factors affecting species diversity and composition of Desmids. Research suggests that major regions of the northern Xinjiang wetland Desmids is obvious geographical distribution differences, species present more in the north than in the south, and more in the east than in the west, species diversity and composition distribution and environmental factors have certain correlation, but in different areas, different genus of Desmids differences between the correlation of Desmids and environmental factors.

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